Review Of Scholarly Literature On Cognitive Learning

Review of Scholarly Literature on Cognitive Views of Learning Cognitive learning involves transferring information in the environment into knowledge that is stored in the students’ memory. The learning occurs when new knowledge is acquired or existing knowledge is modified by students’ experiences. Also, learning and development occur when students interact with the environment and people around them. Major types of Cognitivism and the Teaching Methods of Cognitive Learning Theory influence cognitive learning. Major Types of Cognitivism Cognitive Learning implies that the different processes concerning learning can be explained by analyzing the mental processes. It suggests that with effective cognitive processes learning is easier and new information can be stored in the memory for a long time. Cognitive learning is multifaceted and is not based on the work of a single theorist, but it is based upon the work and contributions of several theorists. Edward Chase Tolman, Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, Jerome Bruner, and German Gestalt psychologists were instrumental in producing the dramatic shift from behaviorism to cognitive theories (Yilmaz, 2011). The work of Piaget and Vygotsky has established the foundation of cognitivism. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development focuses on the mechanism of learning within the context of natural sciences of the type of logic that learners use. Piaget believes that the biological maturation that human beings go through causes distinctShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Writing A Literature Review776 Words   |  4 PagesA strong literature review is a signal that an author has solid knowledge to fill gap in a filed, on one hand; it also plays a significant role in attracting readers, on the other hand. A rhetorical literature review may not be difficult for an experienced scholar, but it is a challenge for a Ph.D. student without sufficient relevant knowledge and skills, such as selecting materials related to a research, synthesizing those information, organizing the literature review, choosing appropriate wordsRead MoreMy Purpose For Pursue A Doctorate Degree Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pagesseek or receive help. As such, I was afforded the opportunity to establis h rapport with the clients through their participation in weekly sessions either in the clinic or within the confines of their home, utilized approaches, including those of cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, solution focused therapy, dialectic behavior therapy, Rogerian approach and Existential therapy framework among others in empowering clients, families and groups to manage their distress. Despite myRead MoreIn support of the constructivist theory of education for future athletic trainers1010 Words   |  5 Pagestheory using a variety of current literature. It is important to note that the theories that are talked about as educational theories are often looked at as both theories of teaching and learning; however most of these theories are not theories of teaching but rather learning (Baviskar, Hartle, Whitney, 2009). This may be especially true for constructivism where there can be a common misunderstanding of what constructivism actually is and how to apply it to learning. Before this paper looks atRead MoreEvidence Based Assessment Of Learning Disabilities1245 Words   |  5 Pages Evidence-Based Assessment of Learning Disabilities in Children and Adolescents Old Dominion University student Honor Pledge: â€Å"I pledge to support the honor system of Old Dominion University. I will refrain from any form of academic dishonesty or deception, such as cheating or plagiarism. I am aware that as a member of the academic community, it is my responsibility to turn in all suspected violators of the honor system. I will report to the Honor Council if summoned.† Signed: studentRead MoreEssay Nur 647e Complete Class2195 Words   |  9 Pagescom/shop/nur-647e-complete-class/ NUR 647E Week 1 Discussion Questions Review the competencies for the nurse educator role of your choice (either hospital-based or academic; ANA or NLN) in the assigned readings. Select one competency and share it with your classmates. Be sure to address why you selected the one you did. Discuss how you have already met it or how you plan to meet it as you embark on your journey as a nurse educator. Support your response with literature. How do you see health care reform affecting theRead MoreOrganizational Learning Essay1212 Words   |  5 PagesLITERATURE REVIEW Experiential learning theory, conversational learning, and seminar practices combine to shape an educational experience that is grounded in principles of appreciative inquiry. (BOB BOB) Action research, which has been a frequently used research method recently, is considered a fruitful research approach used by academicians and teachers to obtain systematic and scholarly information, and to develop current applications in different fields of education. Generally consideredRead MoreIntegrating An Effective Safe And Secure Learning Environment1021 Words   |  5 PagesIntegrating an effective safe and secure learning environment is very imperative when ensuring student safety and success. Student safety is a number one key aspect towards a successful student learning environment. Statistics show that if students are presented in a safe and effective place, whereas the best practice principles in leadership is development accurately, they will grow as students, and their learning abilities will grow as well. Paul J Davis, and educational researcher and author ofRead MoreReview Of Related Literature. There Is A Current Trend1549 Words   |  7 PagesReview of Related Literature There is a current trend now from educational institutions even in organizations outside the education sector wherein research and groundwork is encouraged to be a continuing product of their staff. While some are bound to research work, many are pressed on the demands of it. This is because research is not only a work of an individuals. Educational institutions which aim for a culture in research must also raise, encourage and uphold the work done by the staff. ThisRead MoreImportance Of Play Education And Development Of Children Under 5 Years1754 Words   |  8 Pageswas the main mode of teaching children below the age of five; however, this has since changed to an instruction based approach. Is this shift from play to instruction-based approach commendable particularly in children under five years? Numerous scholarly articles have contributed to the debate. According to an observational study carried out by Leopold (1949), the play is vital especially in the early years of a chi ld’s life. In contrast, Willis (1977) argues that classwork be critical since it isRead MoreIs It A Critical Period For Sla?1288 Words   |  6 Pagesreasons. Most notably, adults as well as children, who have already acquired an L1, logically differ more markedly in learner history and profile between each other than infants do, which makes pooling data an extremely challenging endeavour. Also, learning outcomes (ultimate attainment) vary not only as a function of age but between different same-aged individuals. The strict version of a critical period, be it for FLA or SLA, presupposes a circumscribed developmental period within which everyone

Types of assessment - 1404 Words

What is meant by assessment? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the assessment types and methods you use? How would you involve your learner into the assessment process? Why do we need to keep records of assessment? Assessments are a critical part of the education system; highlighted by Black and Wiliams’(1998) who define assessments as activities providing â€Å"information to be used as feedback to modify the teaching and learning activities in which they are engaged†. There are two forms of assessment; formative and summative. Formative assessments are carried out as the course progresses. These are an informal and simple way of gauging how and what your students are learning. This then allows teachers to amend their teaching†¦show more content†¦Such observations should be planned in advance with the agreement of the learner’s manager and colleagues. However, teachers can take opportunities to record observations of unplanned events, if useful as evidence. Through observations, teacher/assessor can gather sufficient evidence and can then relate the observation back to many different units/elements of the qualification. Also, it allows teachers to see natural competence first hand in an authentic and reliable manner. Nevertheless, there are disadvantages of observations: A learner’s normal duties may not cover all assessment criteria; observations may be unnerving for learners and observations can take a lot of an assessor’s time and expense. Brookfield’s (1998) model of reflection states that it is critical that one views themselves and their teaching through the perspective of their learners. In this lens there is a strong focus on the learner’s ‘voice’ and so value is placed on their viewpoints and also their articulation of work. Therefore, it is important to gain the learners’ thoughts on the assessment strategy. Learners should be informed of how they will be assessed from the onset, involved in feedback and evaluation at every level. Furthermore, prior to assessment, learners could be shown a model answer and given success criterion to ensure they understand how to achieve the desired level/grade. Involving learners in the assessment process is a key way of helping them toShow MoreRelatedPersonality Type Assessment1336 Words   |  6 PagesPersonality Type Assessment (Week-2 Individual Assignment) CMGT/530 - IT Organizational Behavior July 1, 2012 Personality Type Assessment The first section of this paper details the elements that a personality type assessment typically measures. The second section contains discussion on the personality type assessment of the author of this paper. In the third and last section, the author shares how his personal assessment outcomes could affect his workRead MoreTypes And Purposes Of Assessment2165 Words   |  9 Pages Types and Purposes of Assessment. EDEL/SC650 - Assessment of Learning. Regis University Brian Sky Introduction. The use of assessments, have often focused solely to benefit the teacher. Data gathered served to expose areas were the teacher might need improvement, to adjust instruction, to re-teach certain lessons, or to stop using a program that is not working. All of this is a practical and important part of assessment. However, recent research has shown that this focus hasRead MoreDifferent Types Of Assessments Educators1027 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many different types of assessments educators will use to assess their students. The two main assessments this paper will be discussing are formative and summative. Formative assessments are complete as students are learning, while summative assessment are completed at the end of learning (exam). The formative assessment specifically concentrates on observing the students’ progress and response during instruction (Black, et al., 2003). This assessment allows the students to receive instantRead MoreDifferent Types Of Assessment Now1 087 Words   |  5 Pages2.3 TYPES OF ASSESSMENT NOW The principles of good assessment are the same whatever the medium and should be considered before looking into the options for e-assessment. Some studies found no significant differences between student performance on paper and on screen (Hardrà © et al., 2007; Ripley 2009), whereas others indicate that paper-based and computer-based tests do not necessarily measure the same skills (Bennett 2010; Horkay et al., 2006). Though the notion of assessment is generally moreRead MoreType Of Service : Health Assessment1316 Words   |  6 Pages Health History Thalia Braschi Chamberlain School of Nursing NR302-Health Assessment Part I September 2015 Service Date: 09/18/2015 Type of Service: Health Assessment (Annual) Patient Name: XV Biographic Data XV is a 47 year-old divorced Caucasian female. Born on Oct 6, 1968 in San Diego, California and currently resides in Alexandria, Virginia. Her ethnic origin is American. XV is employed full time for the Arlington County government. She is insured for medical, dental, andRead MoreThe Assessment And The Myers Briggs Type Indicator876 Words   |  4 Pagesthe organization leaving us with many theories to explore. Researchers have identified and agreed upon that individual behavior and personality relate to individual performance. I am no different. PERSONALITY Based on the Keirsey assessment and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MTBI), my results showed that I am a Guardian Provider on the Keirsey scale and typed a E(S)NJF with the Myers-Briggs model. I am extroverted (E) in that I enjoy interacting with everyone. I am not one to keep things toRead MoreAssessment Of The Myers Briggs Type Indicator888 Words   |  4 PagesMBTI Assessment Outcomes The results of my Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) assessment revealed that I am an Introverted, Intuitive, Thinking and Perceiving (INTP) person. I don’t believe to have done this test in the past, so coming to find out that for the most part I fit the description was quite interesting. I am not necessarily everything an INTP is but it is the description that fits best. My current position at the company I work for has and will allow me to experiment with some of the materialsRead MoreMyers Briggs Type Indicator Assessment1933 Words   |  8 PagesThis paper is a critique of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) assessment. The paper starts of giving general information about the theory, such as the author, publisher, and a brief description of the history of the assessment. Secondly the paper describes the test and its content, structure, purpose, administration, and scoring. Technical evaluation is the third section of the paper that discusses research done on the MBTI throughout the years. The technical evaluation section will talk aboutRead MoreEssay about Types of Assessment Test3590 Words   |  15 PagesTypes of Assessment Tests 1) Develop a chart (matrix) of 1000−1,250 words that compares and contrasts the different types of assessments, the characteristics of each, and for what situations each is best suited. It should address the following: a) How is each type of assessment scored? b) Discuss the value and limitations of each test in determining knowledge and skill standards. c) Analyze each instrument for reliability and validity. 2) APA format is not required, but solid academic writingRead MoreThe Jungian Personality Assessment : My Jung Type1707 Words   |  7 PagesWhat About Me Based on the Jungian personality assessment, my Jung type is INTP; which is amazingly spot on. The INTP personality type is one of the rarest, making up only three percent of the population, which is exactly how I’d like it. Just the thought of being â€Å"common† makes me cringe. A prime example of this is my preferred name, Curtis. My full name is Jon Curtis Miller and I prefer to go by my middle name. For as long as I can remember, when asked why I go by my middle name instead of my first

Pnu Application Form Free Essays

Philippine Normal University The National Center for Teacher Education OFFICE OF ADMISSION Manila 1† x 1† ID Picture APPLICATION FOR ADMISSION TEST PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY ADMISSION TEST (PNUAT) Name: _________________________________________________________________________________ Gender: ____________ Print: Last Name Given Name Middle Name Address: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Contact No: _______________________________________________ E-mail Address: ____________________________________ Date of Birth: ______________________________________________ Place of Birth: _____________________________________ Age: _________ Citizenship: ____________________________ Religion: ______________________________________________ Name of Present School: _______________________________________________________________________________________ School Address: ______________________________________________________________________________________________ EDUCATION: School Attended Elementary: ____________________________________ High School: Other Courses: ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Inclusive Dates ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ Degree/Course Completed ____________________________ _______________ _____________ ____________________________ Honors/Awards Received: ______________________________________________________________________________________ Extra-Curricular Activities, Hobbies, Talents: _______________________________________________________________________ I hereby apply for permit to take the PNU Admission Test (PNUAT) on: __________________________________________ I certify that the information given on this form is true and correct. It is understood that my final acceptance to the University will depend on the results of the University’s screening procedure. I understand that I have to pay a non-refundable examination fee of P350. We will write a custom essay sample on Pnu Application Form or any similar topic only for you Order Now 00, the receipt of which is to be attached to the application form. I attach a photocopy of my High School Card / Transcript of Records. ____________________________________ Signature over Printed Name of Applicant OR # _______________________________ Date of Application: ___________________ Name: _________________________________________________________________________________ Gender: ____________ Last Name Given Name Middle Name Preferred Academic Program: (Please indicate three choices by placing 1 to 3 on the blank, no. as the most preferred) __________ __________ __________ Bachelor of Early Childhood in Education (BECED) Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEED) Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSE) with specialization in – __________ Biology __________ __________ Chemistry __________ __________ English __________ __________ Filipino __________ __________ General Science __________ __________ History __________ __________ Home Economics __________ __________ Information T echnology for Teachers __________ Mathematics Others (Allied Fields – with limited enrollment) __________ Bachelor of Library and Information Science __________ Bachelor of Science in Psychology __________ Bachelor of Science in Home Economics Technology __________ AB/BSE Literature Music Education Nutrition and Dietetics for Teachers Physical Education Physics Social Science Speech and Theater Arts Values Education How to cite Pnu Application Form, Essay examples

Pearl Harbor Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Pearl Harbor Persuasive Essay Pearl Harbor was the beginning of a war between two countries that would last nearly 4 years and cost hundreds of thousands of lives. The attack was swift and successful for the Japanese and it caught the Americans totally off guard. The Day that will live in infamy drew the United States into a World War in which would change American history forever. The political climate in the pacific area in 1940 was filled with turmoil. The Japanese had extended their empire south through French Indochina and the Japanese Army was invading China, conquering a third of the country. The United States of America was shocked to see this after witnessing Hitler and his Nazis conquer most of Europe. So, the Americans had placed embargoes on their extensive trade with Japan and both countries were negotiating to try to solve their differences. The U.S. tried to negotiate with the Japanese to try to avoid war, trying to convince them that if war broke out between Japan and the United States, Japan, in the long run, would be devastated. So, Secretary of State Cordell Hull and Japanese ambassador Namura and Kiruzo talked on how to solve this crisis. These negotiations proceeded into the summer of 1941.By this time, the Japanese had realized that if they wanted to expand their empire, they would have to fight America and, possibly, her allies. So, they decided to fight. But, in order for Japan to fight America on even terms, they would have to move south, into the East Indies (where there was a lot of raw materials for the Japanese War Machine), which, at that time, were controlled by the western powers: Britain, the Netherlands, Australia, and the United States. But, there was another thorn in Japans side, the United States Pacific Fleet was moved from San Diego to Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. This was a knife at Japans throat. If they decided to move south, then the Americans would attack. So, the Japanese had to come up with a plan to get rid of this threat. They called upon their new Commander in Chief of the Combined Fleet, Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto. He saw that the British, in 1940, torpedoed the Italian fleet at Toranto using old Fairy Swordfish torpedo bombers. So, Yamamoto thought if the British could use old biplanes to sink three battleships at Toranto, then he could use his modern Nakajima B5N torpedo bombers and Aichi D3A dive bombers to destroy more. So, he came up with a daring plan. He would use his six fleet aircraft carriers to strike Pearl Harbor from the sea and he ordered his invasion fleet to wait until X-Day, the Day of attack. The six aircraft carriers, commanded by Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo, would leave the Kurile Islands on November 26th, head towards Hawaii, bomb the airfields, torpedo the American ships, and destroy Pearl Harbor. While they were planning for war, Prime Minister Hideki Tojo instructed his ambassadors in Washington, D.C. to keep up negotiations for as long as they could, to try to deceive the Americans. But what Tojo didnt know was that American cryptographers had cracked the Japanese Imperial Code and were reading every message that was coming from Tokyo to all of the ambassadors in Washington and Berlin. So, the Americans knew the negotiations were not sincere and that they were planning so kind of moved on the Pacific. But, they didnt know where. It couldve been the Philippines, Guam, Wake, or the East Indies (Little did they know that it was to be all of them). So, finally, the Americans started building up its armed forces, just in case. .u8181fd1827a5eb98ae964c4407fa7a40 , .u8181fd1827a5eb98ae964c4407fa7a40 .postImageUrl , .u8181fd1827a5eb98ae964c4407fa7a40 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8181fd1827a5eb98ae964c4407fa7a40 , .u8181fd1827a5eb98ae964c4407fa7a40:hover , .u8181fd1827a5eb98ae964c4407fa7a40:visited , .u8181fd1827a5eb98ae964c4407fa7a40:active { border:0!important; } .u8181fd1827a5eb98ae964c4407fa7a40 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8181fd1827a5eb98ae964c4407fa7a40 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8181fd1827a5eb98ae964c4407fa7a40:active , .u8181fd1827a5eb98ae964c4407fa7a40:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8181fd1827a5eb98ae964c4407fa7a40 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8181fd1827a5eb98ae964c4407fa7a40 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8181fd1827a5eb98ae964c4407fa7a40 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8181fd1827a5eb98ae964c4407fa7a40 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8181fd1827a5eb98ae964c4407fa7a40:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8181fd1827a5eb98ae964c4407fa7a40 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8181fd1827a5eb98ae964c4407fa7a40 .u8181fd1827a5eb98ae964c4407fa7a40-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8181fd1827a5eb98ae964c4407fa7a40:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Similarities Between Poes Life And His Works EssayOn November 26, 1941, the First Air Fleet left Japan en route to Hawaii. This cruise had to be of the utmost secrecy. If the American found out about this force, they might destroy it and Japan would lose the war automatically. On December 6, the officials in Hawaii, Admiral Husband Kimmel and General Walter Short, received a war warning from Washington and they went on alert. But the next day, December 7, the alert didnt take effect, because it was Sunday and everybody had the day off. Meanwhile, in Washington, American intelligence intercepted a 14-part message to the Japanese ambassadors stating for them to break diploma tic relations with the U.S. With this, the Army Chief of Staff General George Marshall sent another war warning to all of his oversea bases in the Pacific. But, this message was not received until too late. At 8:00am, Hawaiian time, just as the island of Oahu started to wake up, 230 Japanese Zero fighter, Kate torpedo bombers, and Val Dive Bombers, appeared out of the north, and attacked everything; warships, airfields, and even people on the ground. In 110 minutes, the United States Navy suffered its worst disaster in history and the cost was staggering2,403 American sailors and soldiers were killed 1,178 people were wounded Nearly 200 airplanes were destroyed 7 battleships sunk 3 light cruisers,3 destroyers,and 5 other vessels were either sunk of damaged severely The Japanese attackers last less than 100 men: 5 of their midget subs and 1 larger one was sunk outside the Harbor entrance and 29 of their planes were destroyed by American P-40 Warhawk fighters or to anti-aircaft fire. The Japanese attack was the most successful operation in military history, but they made some mistakes. Even with all the Japanese success, the damage could have been much more extensive. While they concentrated their attacks on U.S. ships and airfields, they completely missed the dry-docks and the American carriers that had arrived later that day. And Nagumo was too afraid to risk his task force anymore than he had to. Over half the U.S. Pacific fleet was out to sea, including the carriers. Simultaneously, nearby Hickam Field was also the victim of the surprise attack by the Japanese. 18 Army Aircorps aircraft including bombers and fighters and attack bombers were destroyed or damaged on the ground. A few U.S. fighters struggled into the air against the invaders and gave a good account of themselves. As great a disaster Pearl Harbor was since a declaration of war was not given it outraged the US. The attack caused rage within the American people and they rallied quickly to bear arm s against the Japanese. Also, most ships damaged at Pearl Harbor were rebuilt within a year. So, this attack can be summed up by what Admiral Yamamoto said after the attack, I fear all we have done is to awaken the sleeping giant, and fill him with terrible resolve.

Monopolistic Competition of Smart Phones

The number of smart phones devices in the world is set to hit four hundred million by next year. If this is achieved, the rate of growth for this industry will be about twenty per cent. This makes the smart phone industry one of the most lucrative industries today.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Monopolistic Competition of Smart Phones specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Recently, a landmark ruling on a case concerning major smart phone industry players raised concerns about the future of this industry. In the ruling, giant phone manufacturer Apple was granted the rights to some strategic patents. In the flurry of the responses that followed, there was concern whether the smart phone market was becoming monopolistic. The main competition in the smart phone market mostly concerns the device’s operating system (Kenney and Pon 240). Previously, Microsoft had held the biggest market share of operating s ystems. This changed when the iPhone was introduced to the market. It is then that the demand for the Windows Mobile operating system began to decline. The popularity of the Android operating system started to change the direction this industry was taking. This meant Google had entered the competitive smart phone market. Android was also favored by Microsoft’s previous customers like Dell and Motorola. The rise in demand for Android operating systems has been fast and unprecedented. Statistics indicate that four of the leading smart phone manufacturers will start using Android in the near future. It was indicated that while the number of devices using Android was on the rise, the number of those using Microsoft’s system was on the decline. This was one of the earliest indicators that the market was becoming monopolistic. The reason for this disparity was mainly the fact that while Google’s product was a free to use open source operating system, all Microsoft pro ducts came at a fee. The Android operating system could also be customized by hardware manufacturers. After Android’s entry into the smart phone market, the stage was therefore set for major competition between these three major players. However, there was the issue of patents. There is a silent partnership between Apple and Microsoft. It is also in the interest of both companies to eliminate Google from the market. This is because Google’s business system goes against that of these companies.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Google does not make money by selling software, instead it gives away its software and depends on advertising revenue. This business model poses a potential threat to the other competitors. This is because it is harder to compete against a free product. This rise in competition led to Apple improving its new iPhone products to unri valled proportions (West and Mace 290). The present situation is that Apple has managed to turn around this competition and emerge at the top. The demand for Android products is on the decline while iPhone products are practically flying off the shelves. This year’s Apple end of year results were more than impressive. What was more impressive was the fact that the company’s iPhone sales accounted for more than 50% of the total smart phones sold in the United States. This would have seemed unlikely just a few years ago. It is also the latest indicator that competition in this market could be turning monopolistic. It is also said that Apple is in the process of becoming a trillion dollar company in the near future. However while all the above facts point towards a budding Apple monopoly, it is its recent court case against its competitors that has sent the strongest message yet. During this court case, Apple had gone to court seeking to remove competing products from the market. This action was in opposition to that of negotiating favorable licensing terms with the involved companies. The argument about Apple being a monopoly is supported by the fact that Samsung, the defendant in this lawsuit had not refused to pay licensing fees. Analysts have argued that this lawsuit was not motivated by monetary gains but the need to create a monopoly in the market. By targeting Google’s major partners, Apple can be able to decapitate its main competitor. While Apple is in possession of major patents in the smart phone industry, Google possesses only the recent acquired Motorola patents. Apple’s gentleman’s agreement with Microsoft also plays a major role in this monopoly plot. It is also in Microsoft’s best interest to have Google’s market share reduced. The fact that Google is not in possession of major patents it can horse trade with its fellow manufacturers makes the company a weak market leader.Advertising We will wr ite a custom research paper sample on Monopolistic Competition of Smart Phones specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In an indication that Apple and Microsoft were determined to weaken Google, the two companies ensured Google could not purchase strategic patents that were recently being sold by Nortel (Chia 343). This was a clear indication that the competition in the smart phone market was becoming monopolistic. The stakes are high in the smart phone market. All the companies are determined to cash in on the boom being witnessed in this industry. This has prompted some companies to apply monopolistic tendencies to this competition. This monopoly is not limited to one particular company. All stakeholders seem determined to make sure they end up with the whole market share and nothing less. Works Cited Chia, Thomas. â€Å"PATENT LAW: Fighting the Smartphone Patent War with RAND- Encumbered Patents.† Berkeley Tech. LJ 27.1 (2012): 209 -981. Print. Kenney, Martin, and Bryan Pon. â€Å"Structuring the smartphone industry: Is the mobile internet OS platform the key?.† Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade 11.3 (2011): 239-261. Print. West, Joel, and Michael Mace. â€Å"Browsing as the killer app: Explaining the rapid success of Apple’s iPhone.† Telecommunications Policy 34.5 (2010): 270-286. Print. This research paper on Monopolistic Competition of Smart Phones was written and submitted by user Am1ra to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

On the Waterfront and The Crucible essays

On the Waterfront and The Crucible essays Almost everyone is familiar with the Salem witch trials and how the people with no land had a grudge against the people with land so they accused everyone on the side where the land was as a witch. Also people are familiar with "On the Waterfront," where poor people are controlled by a big mob and can do whatever they want. These two plays/films were directed by two of the best directors of all time who were Arthur Miller and Elia Kazan. They were once best friends but torn apart by different beliefs. When Elia Kazan testified and gave the names of people who associated with the Communist party Arthur Miller, which was one who was with the Communist came used the Salem witch trials and created a movie/play called "The Crucible" resembling Elia and all others who testified for giving names. In return Elia Kazan directed the movie On the Waterfront showing that people need to the truth for the benefit of others. In Elia Kazan's movie, "On the Waterfront," he uses a more realistic set in the Great Depression time which gives you a non fiction feeling, while in Arthur Miller's "The Crucible" he uses a setting that dates off way back in the Puritans days which gives it more of a fiction feeling. "On the Waterfront" uses a mob as the higher authority of the town while in "The Crucible" the more religious and rich are the ones being accused of being witches. They both uses opposite sides of authority such as a mob which would more likely be running and hiding around but instead the run the town, and in "The Crucible" the poor have all the authority of the rich and accuse them. Each of the movies has characters that relate such as the reverend in both movies and also the people who control the town like the mob and Abby with the girls. The mob can just "knock" anyone out of their town and they won't get in trouble with the law while Abby can just point out a witch and have the whole town agree w ith her and have them hanged. Both the mob and...

The Idea of Existentialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Idea of Existentialism - Essay Example The meaning of certain terms in life such as wrong, right, true or false is determined by the individual. They believe that indeed â€Å"beauty depends on the beholder† (Rene 78). The existentialist's concerns about philosophy ponder that it is neither an effort to investigate and get to the knowledge of the world nor an exceptional occupation that deals with only a few. Philosophy is seen as being fully incorporated into life. Sartre, one of the earliest existentialists often points out that, to be sure, professional philosophers are essential to building up an intricate set of techniques and ideas. Nevertheless, life can be philosophically lived with the absence of nominal knowledge that philosophy entails. There are two historical forerunners for this belief has been brought on board by the think tanks of the existentialism. The first one is about the traditional Greeks and in particular the image of Socrates including the Stoics as well as Epicureans (Spiegelberg 44). They argue that the Socrates was not only an armature but in his search of the better living, he proposed not to have anything that deals with the formation of a system and his teachings took place often in open places. This implies that the existentialists were only just extraordinary. In the previous centuries, speedy development of industrialization and progression in technology was evident, which were often seen as a separation of the human from a properly natural way of living. The second thought of philosophy as a way of life was the German Idealism. The philosophy here is thought as an action that is the fundamental part of the history element of the human beings, and not the outer surface of life as well as of the world that acts as a spectator.  

ORGANISATIONAL RESEARCH METHODS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

ORGANISATIONAL RESEARCH METHODS - Essay Example According to psychological studies, individual behaviour and mental development can be determined through different activities performed by individuals (Cash, 2013). These activities can be very simple, such as the way people enter or exit from buildings through opening doors. Contextually, the objective of the current study is to reveal the psychological aspects relevant to the manner in which individuals enter or exit buildings through their doors. It is difficult to identify a specific manner or way in which people across the world use to open doors in order to enter or exit buildings. However, there are some common phenomenons among people, which are widely notable throughout the world. In this regard, Cash (2013) commented that several psychological factors, which influence individuals to conduct a definite pattern or manner of action while opening doors while entering buildings. Usually, individuals prefer to push doors in order to enter buildings or rooms. Mayer (2011) commented that the pushing of doors is considered as a significant physiological factor. Most of the people throughout the world attempts to push the doors, instead of pulling it towards their end. Bekerian & Levey (2012) conveyed that this phenomenon is largely because of the motor sensory of the individuals. This are considered as reflexive actions, which occurs simultaneously without the influence pre-meditated or pre-decided thoughts. Brain (2012) also suggested that these reflexive actions among the individuals are an influence of the motor nerves present in the human body that compels people to push doors in order to enter buildings. Brain (2012) also conveyed that there are certain individuals who prefer to pull doors instead of pushing it. This is also because of the physiological factors. In this regard, Sporrle and Stich (2010) commented that the psychological state of the individuals influences them to conduct

The UK post-recession economy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

The UK post-recession economy - Research Paper Example This essay explores the characteristics and attributes of an entrepreneur, examining different theoretical positions about what constitutes entrepreneurial activity and behavior. Once identifying these characteristics, the essay utilizes various examples of how such activities relate to the UK emerging from a recession environment. Opportunity spotting, as an aspect of theoretical entrepreneurial behavior, is known as a type of alertness, schemata giving an entrepreneur the unique ability to create meaning to various market changes that are not achievable with other managers in the business world (Valliere 2013). Such inherent alertness theoretically gives a real entrepreneur that ability to recognize new opportunities where others in society and the business world do not (Valliere). For instance, an entrepreneur may gain access to important statistics about new trends in consumer behaviour and then determine that their business can be adjusted to better service these trends in a fas hion that is innovative and creative, whilst also being designed to satisfy consumer needs in a way not considered by competing companies in an established market. Opportunity spotting, in general, is related to the ability of a theoretical entrepreneur to recognize new market openings or chances to develop a superior business model that can bring a firm greater profitability and competitive advantages by making small-scale or large changes to an existing entrepreneurial venture’s business model.

Enhancing Customer Experience at McDonalds

Enhancing Customer Experience at McDonalds Summary: A number of researchers have identified a tremendous change and increase in competition and market transparency. However it has been proved that the cost of selling a product to a new customer is much higher than selling the same product to an old customer. There is a growing trend for every organization that exists in the market, to pay increasing attention to the experience of their customers as they interact with the company. In todays competitive market it is clear that delivering the ultimate and world class customer experience will win more customers and retain more customers. In this research I have brought into account the history of McDonalds and eventually how it started growing and at the current stage how it became a restaurant for providing world class service to its customers. I have also mentioned various methods and ways how McDonalds has adopted to achieve this. The way it started its franchising Employee training Management training How their world class customer service increased their sales and maintained customer loyalty. ABSTRACT An abstract of the dissertation of Poonam Arora for Masters in Business Administration: Presented April 2010 Title: Enhancing Customers Experience at McDonalds Todays market is known to be more competitive and customer oriented. The purpose of my study on this topic is to find out how McDonalds enhances its customers values and experiences through various Quality, Service, Cleanliness Values (QSCV) and how McDonalds has achieved this over the years. I have started my dissertation with the History of McDonalds. The purpose of writing the history was to get a perspective of how McDonalds over the years achieved success and increased the number of its customers and customer loyalty. I have also written down how McDonalds, with the help of excellent training, to its staff, and franchising its restaurants, increased its customers in the list and gave them an excellent customer service. I have also tried to gather information on how the management team, marketing team, and staff work together as a team to enhance customers experience at every visit. To conclude with my topic, I have taken 2 sets of interviews, first from the management team of McDonalds, and the second interviews, from the customers themselves. These sets of interviews have given a clear picture of how the different departments of McDonalds work as a team to provide excellent customer service. The other set of interviews helped me to find what and how customers feel about McDonalds. This information has helped me to find out how customers really feel value for their money, and value for wanting to visit McDonalds again and again. To use their catchphrase: â€Å"I am loving it† CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Analyse and define the concept of customer satisfaction and identify the relation between customer experience and customer loyalty Examine the condition under which customer satisfaction has enhanced profitability Promoting loyalty programs along with customer satisfaction and building favourable customer relationships. Evaluate the extent to which â€Å"Customer Experience Marketing†, makes its contribution to McDonalds success and identify key areas where McDonalds outwits its competitors Assess whether enhancing customer experience should form a part of a food industrys overall business strategy. To highlight the difficulties and challenges involved in product offering enhancements SCOPES AND PURPOSE This study examines enhancing customer experience at McDonalds. McDonalds has a short term outlook and is positive as it has responded to consumer demands to broaden its range and variety and it offers exclusive low cost takeaway options for those hit by the recession. McDonalds has worked hard to address its image problem and appeal to a wider range and variety of consumers, offering scope for increased turnover through sales over a period of years. Expansion is planned through developing its existing markets and providing a more exclusive service rather than moving into new territories, with opportunities in emerging economies due to, for example, increased car usage making drive-through restaurants more viable to the people for easy access. Overall, McDonalds has good scope to expand its commercial operations and to engage previously ambivalent segments through broadening its service and offers. CHALLENGES In spite of its great offers and service, McDonalds is still associated in the UK with unhealthy food, an increase in obesity, and jobs without prospects, requiring long term image-building by the organisation. It helps to develop its staff training through nationally recognised diplomas. McDonalds has also been the target of critical books and films which publicise negative aspects of the organisation. The companys ‘healthy options have been criticized by some people, for example the high fat content in salad dressings. Litigations instigated by the organisation have been seen as overly aggressive by the public because of the companys financial power in legal proceedings RATIONAL The interesting perception with qualitative and quantitative thinking with regards to Loyalty to customers in retail and enhancing customers experience has aroused sufficient interest in me to go in for a research into this elusive concept. The most important aspect of the retail business, are the customers. The business should be molded to understand that business depends on customers and not customers on business. Respect involved in this study and value for the customer made me choose this topic. METHODOLOGY In order to approach the above mentioned research objectives, I chose to use both qualitative and quantitative research strategies. Qualitative and quantitative research is applied, both using primary and secondary information that is gathered and assembled specifically for this purpose by the means of survey and interview, which can be found in chapter 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATATION As it says in the McDonalds value statement; â€Å"We will be the best restaurant experience by far! We will be people focused and customer driven passionately! We will inspire people with our can-do attitude always!† McDonalds evolves in its strategic thinking, from being and outstanding food retailer, and an outstanding customer service, to being an information-driven business, constantly searching for different ways and new concepts to act as the value-adding for its customer and making its customer a value-added customers. CHAPTER 2 LITRATURE REVIEW INDUSTRY OVERVIEW The Fast Food Industry is another name of Quick service restaurant, food that can be cooked and served very quickly means Fast Food Industry. The Term fast food was recognised by Merriam-Webster in the year 1951. Such types of restaurants must have a balance between the flow of the food and the expected numbers of customers. This helps to avoid discarding the food after time, also helps in better customer satisfaction by providing them quick and easy service, as the customers, is the whole point of the business. Outlets may be stands or kiosks, which may provide no shelter or seating, in other words it can be a eat-in or take-away one or fast food restaurants (also known as quick service restaurants). Every franchises operations which are part of restaurant chains have standardized foodstuffs delivered to each restaurant from central locations. The fast food restaurants industry includes about 200,000 restaurants on an average with combined annual revenue of about $120 billion, major companies include McDonalds, Burger King, Subway, Pizza Hut and KFC. According to National Restaurant Association (NRA) a typical fast food restaurant on an average can generate $670,000 and a franchised fast food restaurant can generate $1 to $2 million annually. A 2008 research was conducted worldwide for counting the number of fast food restaurants owned per person. The UK has claimed this title with Australia as second and the United States on third. England alone accounted for 25% of all fast food restaurants. The UKs overall fast food industry has benefited from the recession, with the sector increasing its presence by more than 8% in the last year, research has found. While the leisure sector on a whole has seen a closure rate of 10%, fast food restaurants in the UKs top 10 cities have risen by 8.2% to more than 1,450, according to a sur vey by market analyst the Local Research Company. Products, Operations Technology Most Fast Food restaurants specialize in a few main dish categories, including hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chickens, milkshakes, pizza/pasta, Mexican food, Asian food or some other snacks. Among the major fast food chains hamburger restaurants cover almost 50 per cent of the market. Fast food restaurants include National and regional chains, franchises and independent operators. Most fast food restaurants have a food preparation area which adheres to health and safety, hygiene and food safety policy, dining area, car park lot, drive-thru also some restaurants may have childrens play area. History of McDonalds The McDonalds concept was first introduced in Saint Bernardino, California by Dick and Dude Macdonald at Manchester at New Hampshire. Their business partner, Ray Kroc, of Oak Park, Illinois, modified and expanded their business. He later got out the business interests of the two McDonalds brothers in the concept and found McDonalds Corporation 1927: Two brothers Dick McDonald and Mac McDonald opened a hamburger stand in Monrovia, California called â€Å"The Airdrome† at the airport. 1940: McDonalds Bar-B-Que opens. Two brothers Dick and Mac McDonald opened the Bar-B-Que restaurant at The Airdrome building 40 miles from San Bernardino, California, U.S. on Route number 66, at the 14th and E St., on 15th May 1940. It had features of a large menu. Its menu consisted of 25 items, mostly barbecue. They employed around 20 carhops. It became popular and with huge profit and a hangout place for teenager, which was directed Eric VanDemark. 1948: Two brothers then realized they earn maximum in fact all of their profits from hamburgers, the brothers then decided to close the restaurant for three months for implementation of their innovative idea of, â€Å"Speedee Service System†, a streamlined assembly line for hamburgers. The restaurant then opened in December that year and with absolutely new features. There were no more carhops, they all were fired, and when the new concept restaurant reopened it sold only hamburgers, cheeseburgers, soft drinks, milkshakes, coffee potato chips and slices of pie. At the price of 15 cents, the burgers were almost about half price as it was at standard diners, and they were served quickly. The restaurant achieved its fame and became extremely successful, and it spread by word of mouth. 1949: in 1949 world famous French Fries was introduced. French Fries replaced Potato chips. Also, the triple thick milkshake made a debut in the same year. 1953: Multimixer salesman Ray Kroc visited McDonalds in San Bernardino with the clear intention of selling more multimixers(a machine that makes milk-shakes) to these two brothers. Ray Kroc was very much fascinated with the operation and learnt that the two brothers were looking for a nationwide franchising agent; he also learnt that his profitable future would be in Hamburgers. McDonalds began to franchise its restaurants, with Neil Fox the first ever franchisee. The second McDonalds opened in Phoenix, Arizona at N.Central Ave. Special about it was that, this was the first restaurant to feature the Golden Arches design; later in the same year i.e. 1953 McDonalds original restaurant in San Bernardino was torn and was rebuilt in the same style. 1953: McDonalds third franchise restaurant opens in Saginaw, Michigan at the corner of State Street and N. Center Road, it was rebuilt in the year 2006 but was at the same location since opening, and it was directed by Silvia Gonzales 1953: McDonalds fourth franchise restaurant opened, in Downey in California at Lakewood Blvd and Florence Avenue, which is known to be the oldest McDonalds restaurant in operation. 1954: The milkshake-mixer salesman Ray Kroc was fascinated by the McDonalds restaurant during his sales visit; he found the first day overall sales visit was $316.12. He learnt the extraordinary capacity and its popularity. There were many others who had visited the restaurant and were inspired are James McLamore, founder of Burger King, and Glen Bell, founder of Taco Bell. After finding the restaurant in operation, Kroc approached the two brothers, who had already started franchising, with a proposition on letting him to franchise McDonalds restaurants outside the companys home base of Arizona and California, with himself to be the first franchisee. Ray Kroc worked hard to sell McDonalds. He even tried to prevail on his old acquaintance with the man Walt Disney, but unfortunately his hope of opening a McDonalds at the soon-to-be-opened Disneyland failed. Ray Krocs first ever franchised restaurant, which was the tenth-ever location was rebuilt twice in Fresno, California. 1955: â€Å"McDonalds Systems, Inc.† on 2nd March 1955, was found by Ray Kroc, which was a legal structure for his planned franchises. Ray Kroc opened his ninth McDonalds restaurant on 15th April 1955 in Des Plaines, Illinois, in suburban Chicago. 1956: Ray Kroc hired Fred Turner, CEO and Chairman, as a grill man in his store in Des Plaines, Illinois. Fred Turner soon became head of the McDonalds operation defining the quality, service and cleanliness for the restaurant. 1958: McDonalds got a great achievement in its hamburger business, by selling its 100 millionth hamburger 1959: Very soon it got another great achievement, in opening the 100th McDonalds restaurant in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. 1959: McDonalds started billboard advertising. 1960: Krocs company was renamed as â€Å"McDonalds Corporation†. 1961: The two brothers agreed to sell Kroc their business rights to operate for $2.7 million, Kroc borrowed money from a number of investors, including Princeton University; Kroc considered the sum extreme, which strained his relationship with the brothers. In a handshake agreement with Kroc, the two brothers would also receive a royalty of 1% on the gross sales. At the closing table of this handshake agreement the Ray was told by the two brothers, that they were giving the real estate and rights to the original unit to the founding employees. Ray Kroc closed the transaction, and then he refused to give the royalty portion of the agreement because it wasnt in writing. The two brothers then decided to keep their original restaurant; they failed to retain the right to remain a McDonalds franchise and were forced to rename it as â€Å"The Big M†. Ray Kroc opened his own McDonalds just one block in north. 1961: Hamburger University was opened in this year in the basement of the Elk Grove Village, Illinois. 1962: McDonalds published its first national magazine advertisement in Life magazine. 1962: This was the first ever restaurant which have a seating facility. The first ever McDonalds restaurant which has seating opened in Denver, Colorado. 1963: Advertising McDonalds hamburgers to families and childrens, was one of Krocs marketing thoughts. John Gibson and Oscar Goldstein, franchisees from Washington D.C. named as Gee-Gee Distributing Corporation they sponsored a childrens show on WRC-TV called Bozo the Clown, Willard Scott, who played franchised character from 1959 until 1962. Soon after the show was cancelled, Franchise Oscar Goldstein hired Scott to portray McDonalds new mascot, named Ronald McDonald. After changing its characters first name to â€Å"Ronald† and replacing Scott with a new actor, and giving him the more familiar red, white, and yellow clown features, the character eventually became popular to the rest of the country through an advertising campaign. 1963: The world famous Filet-O-Fish was introduced in Cincinnati, Ohio, in a restaurant located in a neighborhood dominated by Roman Catholics where meat was avoided on Fridays. It went nationally the following year, with fish supplied by Gortons of Gloucester. 1963: McDonalds sold its one billionth Hamburgers. 1963: McDonalds opened its 500th McDonalds restaurant in Toledo, Ohio. 1964: First annual report was issued by McDonalds. 1965: This was the year when McDonalds celebrated its 10th Anniversary with the first public stock offering at $22.50 per share. 1966: Ronald McDonald appears in his first national television commercial. He appeared on his flying hamburger in 35 one minute color spot on the NBC and CBS networks. He got wide TV exposure in the year 1966 at Macys Thanksgiving parade. Ronald McDonald was an instant hit. 1967: The first McDonalds international restaurant outside the United States opened in Canada and Puerto Rico. Today with the success ladder it is proudly open for business in 118 countries around the world. 1968: The Big Mac was first introduced by Jim Delligatti, one of Ray Krocs earliest franchisees, in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania market in 1967. The Hot Apple Pie is also introduced this year. 1968: The achievement of opening 1000th McDonalds restaurant in Des Plaines, Illinois. 1969: McDonalds decided to change its logo, the massive logo change and remodeling of restaurant did away with the old red and white buildings and more emphasis was placed on the ever-more-famous Golden Arches. 1971: Hamburglar, Grimace,Mayor McCheese, Captain Crook and the Big Mac join Ronald McDonald in McDonaldland. 1971: Asias first McDonalds opened in July in Japan, in Tokyos Ginza district. 1971: On 21st August, the first European McDonalds outlet opened, in Zaandam (near Amsterdam) in the Netherlands. The franchisee was called as ‘Ahold. 1971: The first McDonalds in Germany (Munich) opened in December. This was the first McDonalds to sell alcohol, as it offers beer. 1971: The first Australian McDonalds opened in Sydney suburbs of Yagoona in December the same year. 1972: McDonalds generated $1 billion in sales from 2200 restaurants. An amazing and early-1970s McDonalds sign in Austin, Minnesota, which displayed the number of burgers sold. From the year 1969, the number on its board was displayed in billions, which increased with every 5 billion. In 1993, the signs of this era were changed to display 99 billion permanently. 1972: In Des Plaines, Illinois McDonalds opened its 2000th restaurant 1972: In Strasbourg, France McDonalds opened its first restaurant. 1973: McDonalds opens its first Swedish restaurant in Stockholm, Sweden, 23rd October. 1973: The Quarter Pounder and Quarter Pounder with cheese was introduced to the menu. 1973: McDonalds opened its first every Playland in Chula Vista, California 1974: McDonalds opens its first restaurant in the United Kingdom on October 12th in Woolwich, southeast London. This was companys 3000th restaurant. 1974: McDonalds opens its first Ronald McDonald House in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 1973, Fred Hill, a football player with the Philadelphia Eagles, had the need for such a facility at childrens hospital in Philadelphia, where his child was being teated for Leukemia. Hills dilemma led to the first Ronald McDonald house. 1975: The Egg McMuffin, was introduced to the menu by owner and operator of Santa Barbara franchise, Herb Peterson. 1975: The first McDonalds in Salverland open in Bay City on Mayteon Street on July 2. 1975: McDonalds introduced its drive thru in January in 1976: McDonalds paid its first cash dividend. 1977: First McDonalds All American High School Basketball Team is selected. The roster included former NBA superstar Earvin Magic Johnson. They played against the capital All Stars team chosen from Washington, D.C./Maryland/Virginia area in the McDonalds Capital Classic. 1978: McDonalds restaurant opens its 5000th restaurant in Kanagawa, Japan. 1978: McDonalds celebrated the graduation of its 15,000th student in Hamburger University 1979: The Happy Meal was introduced in the U.S. with a circus wagon theme. 1979: McDonalds opens its first restaurant in Southeast Asia, in Singapore. 1980: McDonalds introduced its first poultry item, the famous McChicken sandwich. It flops, and was removed from the menu, but was later reintroduced after the success of Chicken McNuggets. Chicken McNuggets became successful by early-1983. 1980: McDonalds restaurant opens its 6000th restaurant in Munich, Germany. 1980: McDonald celebrates its Silver (25th) Anniversary. 1981: McDonalds opened its first restaurant in the Philippines, in Morayta, Manila. 1982: McDonalds opens its first branch in Malaysia, at Jalan Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur. 1983: This was the year when McDonald opens in 32 Countries worldwide. There are 7,778 restaurants at the end of the year. 1984: This was the year of the great loss. Ray Kroc, founder and Chairman of the Board of McDonalds, died on 14th January 1984. 1985: on April 15, McDonalds celebrate its 30th year of operation. 1985: McDonalds opened its first restaurant in Italy, Bolzano. 1985: McDonalds opened its first restaurant in Mexico City, Mexico. 1987: Freshly tossed salads were added to McDonalds menu on May 15. 1987: On August 12, a Piper Cheyenne, which started in Augsburg, Germany, the plane crashed into the McDonalds restaurant in the Wasserburger Landstrasse. Fourteen people died in the incident: 4 in the plane, 3 on the street or in a bus, which was also struck by the plane, and 7 in the restaurant. The McDonalds has since been rebuilt. 1988: McDonalds opened its first restaurant in a communist country, in Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia). Budapest, Hungary follows in the same year. McDonalds in Saint Petersburg, Russia A McDonalds in a Toronto, Ontario, Canada Wal-Mart store. McDonalds in Barcelona, Spain McDonalds in Sanya, Hainan (China). This one was the soft drink/ice cream stand. First McDonalds restaurant in Zamboanga City, Philippines which opened on February 28, 2005 1990: 31st January 1990, the first Soviet McDonalds opened, in Moscow. At the time it was the largest ever McDonalds in the world. In this year many other McDonalds restaurants opened in Eastern Europe. 1990: In October 1990, the first McDonalds restaurant opened in mainland China, in the city and Special Economic Zone (SEZ) of Shenzhen, Guangdong province. 1992: McDonalds restaurant opened in Warsaw, Poland, breaking a record of opening day sales. 1992: The first McDonalds opened in Africa, in Casablanca, Morocco. 1992: Derek Wood, an employee of McDonalds, and his two friends robbed a McDonalds in Sydney River, Nova Scotia, killing three and severely injuring another. 1992: On 23rd April 1992, the worlds largest McDonalds opened in Beijing, China (over 700 seats). 1992: The fried apple pie was replaced with a baked apple pie (fried pies can still be found today in some restaurants) 1993: The Company launched its first sea-going restaurant aboard the Finnish cruise ferry Silja Europa, sailing between Helsinki and Stockholm. 1994: McDonalds was given Catalyst Award in honor of their program to foster leadership development in women. 1995: The new advertising theme came into picture â€Å"Have You Had Your Break Today?† 1995: McDonalds launched the Arch Deluxe sandwich with a massive advertisement campaign, but was discontinued due to its failure. 1995: McDonalds opened its first restaurant in South Africa. 1996: McDonalds Corporate Internet siteMcDonalds.com was launched. 1996: McDonalds opened its first restaurant in Belarus, marking its chains of 100th country 1996: The first McDonalds opened in India. 1997: The McFlurry (Ice-cream in a cup) was invented by a Canadian franchisee. 1998: Jack M. Greenberg succeeds Michael R. Quinlan as CEO. 1999: McDonalds opened its first Restaurant in Tbilisi, Georgia in Eastern Europe. Jack Greenberg was elevated to Chairman and CEO. 2000: Eric Schlosser published Fast Food Nation, a book critical of fast food in general and McDonalds in particular. 2000: The Company opened its 1000th British restaurant, inside the Millennium Dome. 2001: McDonalds new premiere lettuce and tomato Big N Tasty sandwich launches on February 16. 2002: McDonalds was ranked 15th by a survey in Restaurants and Institutions magazine in food quality among hamburger chains, highlighting the companys failure to enforce standards across its franchise network. 2002: McDonalds posts the companys first quarterly loss ($344m), for the last quarter of 2002. It responds to the tough competition from other fast-food restaurants, which offered higher quality burgers and more variety, by attempting to move more up market and by expanding its menu and refitting restaurants. It announced it is withdrawing from three countries (including Bolivia) and closing 175 underperforming restaurants. 2002: McDonalds this year opened the first of 2 corporate stores in Lincoln, Nebraska to test concept restaurant called â€Å"3N1†. The concept incorporated a â€Å"Sandwich Platter† casual dining area, a â€Å"bakery and ice cream† area featuring gourmet coffees, and a traditional McDonalds into one building. The second store was launched approximately six months later. The concept was spearheaded by Tom Ryan, who was Executive Vice President and Chief Concept Officer at the time. The concept was abandoned in less than a year, and Ryan left McDonalds to join Quiznos Sub. 2003: McDonalds premium salads were added to the menu. 2003: James Richard Cantalupo was elected as the Chairman and Chief Operating Officer (CEO), succeeding Jack M. Greenberg. Just prior to assuming his post Cantalupo shuts down Project Innovate, a global consulting project that had already spent $170 million of a projected 5-year budget of $1.2 billion. 2003: McDonalds started a global marketing campaign which promotes a new healthier and higher-quality image. The campaign was tagged as â€Å"Im Lovin It† and started simultaneously in more than 100 countries around the world. 2003: A market research firm, Technomic, researched that McDonalds share of the U.S. market had fallen down by three percentage points in five years and was at 15.2%. 2003: A $126M USD loss was reported for the fourth quarter. 2003: McDonalds added their premium salads, the McGriddles and the chicken selects to the menu. 2004: Happy Meals celebrates its 25th year from 1979-2004. 2004: Morgan Spurlock directs and stars in Super Size Me documentary film in which he ate nothing but McDonalds food for 30 days to the great detriment of his health. 2004: After the release of the film â€Å"Super Size Me†, McDonalds did away with their Supersize options. 2004: Chairman and CEO Jim Cantalupo died at the age of 60 in his hotel room of an heart attack while attending the annual franchisee convention in Las Vegas, Nevada on April 19. A 30-year veteran of the organization, Cantalupo had previously served as President and CEO of McDonalds International. He was credited with introducing the premium salad line and reformulating Chicken McNuggets to include leaner, all-white meat. Andrew J. McKenna, Sr., a prominent Chicago businessman and a McDonalds director, is elected Nonexecutive Chairman and Charlie Bell of Sydney, Australia was elected President and CEO of McDonalds Corporation. A month later Bell was diagnosed with colorectal cancer during a physical exam required for his new post and passes away in January the following year. Like retired chairman and former CEO Fred L. Turner, Bell started his McDonalds career as a crew member. He was promoted frequently, serving as the corporations Chief Operating Officer and as President of both M cDonalds Europe and of the Asia/Pacific, Middle East and Africa Group. (APMEA) 2005: Jim Skinner was elected President and CEO. Skinner started his McDonalds career as a trainee restaurant manager at a McDonalds in Carpentersville, Illinois in 1971 after serving nearly ten years with the US Navy. 2005: McDonalds experiments with call centers for drive-through orders. 2005: McDonalds celebrated its wonderful 50th Anniversary 2005: Owing in part to competitive pressure, McDonalds Australia adopts â€Å"Made for you† cooking platform in which the food was prepared from pre-cooked meat after the customer orders (as opposed to the firms normal procedure since 1948, in which the food was cooked then sold as needed). The practice had earlier been tested, and abandoned, in the U.S. 2005: McDonalds in Singapore started their McDelivery service: customers placed their orders over the phone, and it was delivered to the customers wherever they were. The service was available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. 2005: McDonalds opened a Wi-Fi service in some restaurants with Nintendo for Nintendo DS. 2005: Ronald McDonald got a leaner, and a sportier look. 2006: The snack wrap was introduced to the menu. 2006: McDonalds announced that it will include nutritional information on the packaging for all products beginning from March and that its upcoming menu changes will emphasize chicken, salads, and other â€Å"fresh foods† rather than just hamburgers. 2006: McDonalds and Disney ended their 10 year promotional partnership. Split allegedly with a mutual understanding although the generally accepted reasons was that, McDonalds no longer saw any benefit from being with one studio; due to the increased competition from other studios, as well as having to promote flop films, and Disney no longer wanted to be associated with a company so strongly tied to childhood obesity. 2006: McDonalds started their â€Å"forever young† branding by redesigning their restaurants. 2007: The 42-ounce super-size soda was reintroduced under the new name Hugo. 2007: McDonalds introduced its new packaging features 24 faces from first-ever global casting call. 2008: McDonalds introduced the McSkillet burrito. This larger breakfast which consists of scramble eggs, red green bell peppers, onions, potatoes, salsa and sausage wrapped in a flour tortilla. Later in the year, Chicken was added. 2008: The Chicken Biscuit and the Southern Style Chicken Sandwich was introduced. 2008: In November, McDonalds started phasing in new designs for their containers. They also introduced a new menu board designed that featured warmer, darker colors, more realistic photos with the food on plates and drinks in glasses. 2009: Lattes, Cappuccinos ad Mochas were added to the menu on May 5. 2009: McDonalds introduced its three versions of Angus Burgers. 2009: McDonalds in Papakura, New Zealand had opened it first car wash in the Country named a UWASH 2009: Nickname â€Å"Dub† was given to the McDouble

Mans Tragedy in One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovitch Essay

Man's Tragedy in One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovitch Solzhenitsyn's turning to history has extremely important consequences for his total literary heritage. As he himself has said, "Literature that is not the very breath of contemporary society does not deserve the name of literature." To be true literature, "the pain and fears of society must be held before it, society must be warned against the moral and social dangers which threaten it." History to Solzhenitsyn, as to Leo Tolstoy, is the theater and the arena in which the abominations as well as the glories of human behavior are revealed at their most powerful and on the grandest scale. This is not to say that Solzhenitsyn actually "writes history," meaning by that a formal history text. Rather, his novel August 1914 is a vehicle for the telling the larger story of the human condition. As in One Day, characters are minutely inspected in order best to understand the historical environment in which they participate as well as being affected by it. In other words, history at its present juncture provides Solzhenitsyn with concrete, "living" referents or the actual background against which the moral fiber of realistically depicted characters are not only revealed but above all tested and tempered. As in the later work, Gulag Archipelago, Solzhenitsyn's historical novel about Leninist-Stalinist terror and the labor-camp system, so in August 1914 events do not simply "happen," as though they were products of the action of Fate. It is precisely over the issue of Why Events Happen that Solzhenitsyn parts company with the great Russian writer, Tolstoy, who himself used history (War and Peace) as a mea... ...," not by means of dogmatic insistence upon "historical law" and "ultimate truth." So, for Solzhenitsyn, man's Tragedy does not consist in his being ground under by an historical juggernaut, a dumb force guided by inexorable historical laws, impersonal forces, economic determinism, and so forth. Instead, man makes his own history. Ideologies, religions, policies do help shape the lines along which history will be made, but above all for Solzhenitsyn, it is men who make history. It is they who can be blamed. So can the makers of ideologies be blamed for the postulates they develop and the consequences which result from them. "Who is to blame?" the author of Gulag Archipelago asks in the chapter entitled, "The Law Becomes a Man." He answers, with bitter irony: "Well, of course, it obviously could never be the Over-All Leadership!" Man's Tragedy in One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovitch Essay Man's Tragedy in One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovitch Solzhenitsyn's turning to history has extremely important consequences for his total literary heritage. As he himself has said, "Literature that is not the very breath of contemporary society does not deserve the name of literature." To be true literature, "the pain and fears of society must be held before it, society must be warned against the moral and social dangers which threaten it." History to Solzhenitsyn, as to Leo Tolstoy, is the theater and the arena in which the abominations as well as the glories of human behavior are revealed at their most powerful and on the grandest scale. This is not to say that Solzhenitsyn actually "writes history," meaning by that a formal history text. Rather, his novel August 1914 is a vehicle for the telling the larger story of the human condition. As in One Day, characters are minutely inspected in order best to understand the historical environment in which they participate as well as being affected by it. In other words, history at its present juncture provides Solzhenitsyn with concrete, "living" referents or the actual background against which the moral fiber of realistically depicted characters are not only revealed but above all tested and tempered. As in the later work, Gulag Archipelago, Solzhenitsyn's historical novel about Leninist-Stalinist terror and the labor-camp system, so in August 1914 events do not simply "happen," as though they were products of the action of Fate. It is precisely over the issue of Why Events Happen that Solzhenitsyn parts company with the great Russian writer, Tolstoy, who himself used history (War and Peace) as a mea... ...," not by means of dogmatic insistence upon "historical law" and "ultimate truth." So, for Solzhenitsyn, man's Tragedy does not consist in his being ground under by an historical juggernaut, a dumb force guided by inexorable historical laws, impersonal forces, economic determinism, and so forth. Instead, man makes his own history. Ideologies, religions, policies do help shape the lines along which history will be made, but above all for Solzhenitsyn, it is men who make history. It is they who can be blamed. So can the makers of ideologies be blamed for the postulates they develop and the consequences which result from them. "Who is to blame?" the author of Gulag Archipelago asks in the chapter entitled, "The Law Becomes a Man." He answers, with bitter irony: "Well, of course, it obviously could never be the Over-All Leadership!"

Lord Of The Flies How Does Golding Present Contrast

We are told Piggy is â€Å"very fat†, much fatter than Ralph and as ‘the naked crooks of his knees were plump† we also know piggy as to wear glasses, and is asthmatic we imagine Piggy to be the complete opposite of Ralph who appears to be healthy and an athletic child as we know he can swim. We see Ralph is very confident and relaxed as â€Å"he stood their naked† and we are told that as he is twelve he must have â€Å"lost the prominent tummy of childhood† leading us further into believing he has the contrasting physique to Piggy.Ralph and Piggy both take very different approaches to being marooned on the island. Ralph sees mainly the possible bonuses of the marooning, mainly the lack of adult supervision and the freedom he'll have unlimited access to. However the approach taken by Piggy is the more sensible choice to take. Out of the pair, Piggy realizes the potential for danger and consequences the boys will face.Ralph and piggy had very different upbringings as Ralph came from a military background and a higher class background than Piggy, Piggy lived with his aunt who had a sweet shop, we see he is from a lower class by the dialect he speaks in saying â€Å"l can't hardly move with all these creeper things†. Piggy differs from the other boys as he is a caring character, he takes responsibility for the â€Å"little-nuns† and despite the act that both his parents are deceased, Piggy acts most like a parent, Piggy shows the most kindness even though he is shown none.

Japan and England essays

Japan and England essays What factors were necessary for modernization to occur Japan was a country that was completely closed to contact with European countries up until 1853. At this time Japan did not have manufacturing industries, steam engines, railways, or telegraphic communication, and the traditional weapons of war of its samurai military were the sword, the bow, and muzzle-loading cannon. It was not up until 1854 that Japan began to modernize as compared to England which was far more modernized than Japan. There were many factors that contributed to such modernization to occur in Japan including the arrival of Commodre Perry, increase in trade and population, change in power and beliefs, and the change of the social structure. It was not until Commodore Perry arrived to Japan with a fleet of steam powered ships in 1853, that initiated the isolated country Japan to modernize. Perry had witnessed that Japan at his point, was rigidly conformist, technologically backward, and military-feudal country that had a large agricultural society and had been almost totally closed to the outside world since 1638. Unlike Japan, England had trade agreements with other countries, thus new ideas and technology were created as the power and the economy of the country increased. At this point England had better technology than Japan, they had trains, communication, roads and trade. It was not until 1854 when the treaty of Kankagawa was signed, that set Japan in a series of sets to modernize and gain new ideas and technologies of European countries such as England. Another factor for modernization, was the need for a non-rigid social structure. Since Japan had a strict social structure, they isolated themselves from the Western culture as the Shoguns saw no merit in their culture. The Shogun wanted social stability by keeping Japanese people based on a social order. At the top of the order was the Emperor, then the samurai whose leader was the Shogun, ...

The Environmental Impact of Nuclear Energy.

The Environmental Impact of Nuclear Energy. Current Status and Potential Electricity production in the US consumes over 40% of the total energy produced within the continent. Electricity is the second source of energy that the United States generates from primary forms of energy such as nuclear and coal. Given the high rate of dependency on electricity, environmentalists are concerned the production of electricity from various primary energy sources could lead to acute pollution and degradation of the environment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Environmental Impact of Nuclear Energy. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Environmental Impact Assessment, in 2011, coal contributed 42.3% and natural gas 24.7% of the US total electricity generation. In addition, in the same year, 4 trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity came from coal, and 42% of the US population consumed this portion (Batagol). The United States also produced 1,094.3 million short t ons of coal from the 25- coalmine states. Wyoming, which is in the Western Coal Region, produces the largest amount of coal in the US followed by West Virginia. Comparatively, electricity production and consumption in the US using steam engines has been on the rising trend given that the 3,856 billion Kilowatt-hours in 2011 is 13 times higher than the consumption in 1950. Major mining zones in the US include the Western Coal Region, the Appalachian Coal Region, and the Interior Coal Region, where production and conversion of coal to useful energy is relatively cheaper than other forms of energy. Nuclear energy has also dominated electricity generation with 19.3%. Uranium ores are available in different regions of the US, such as the mines of western United States. There are 65 power- plants in the US; they are located in 31 states. The three populous states of New York, Texas and California have been using more of the one-fifth US electricity that Nuclear Plants have been producing yearly since 1990. The country has the opportunity to enhance its capacity to generate electricity from nuclear following the approval of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission to build and operate between three to four units of the Vogtle plant, which may start operating in 2016. In 2002, US commercial reactor sites stored 51,002 short tons, and an estimate value reported 12.2 billion kilowatt-hours as the amount of electricity that a single power plant generated. Explanation and Evaluation of Effects In terms of production, nuclear reactors do not emit harmful products like CO2 and SO2, and it is, therefore, relatively eco-friendly; however, the process of manufacturing large amounts of metals and concrete as well as mining and refining uranium ore requires large amount of energy, which is expensive (Batagol). Since radioactive materials are harmful to human health, those handling uranium are prone to severer hazards.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Le t's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Miners, companies, and governments have to adhere strictly to disposal regulations given that the elements always remain active for several years. Further, authorities should put in place apt safety measures to control nuclear reaction to avert incidences like the 1986 Chernobyl disaster in Ukraine and the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant in Japan. The Chernobyl incident left 31 people dead due to acute radiation poisoning that occurred when 5% of the radioactive reactor core escaped into the air (Rosenberg). Countries are turning to using eco-friendly forms of energy to avert the impact of the climate change menace. The changing climate implies that most countries will divert to eco-friendly and cost-effective sources of energy to produce electricity. Nuclear energy is not only relatively eco-friendly, but it is also capable of producing large quantity of electricity more conveniently. Envi ronmental agencies criticize the use of coal given its negative impact on the state of the environment and human health. Emissions from burning coal such as CO2, SO2, and mercury cause acidic rain and smog, which are harmful to the environment and cause respiratory complications (Davis and Keegan). However, nuclear energy also has acute negative impact. Construction of nuclear power plants can have temporary or permanent effects on the environment. For instance, the construction equipment emits pollutants into air, land, and water. With the constructions occupying spaces, it does away with any future use of the land for production purposes. Apart from construction effects, license renewal for nuclear plants may necessitate use of extra pieces of land for removing old components and staging new components. Such operations may expose workers to radiation, which are hazardous health effects. Fukushima disaster demonstrates that nuclear plants expose lives to incredible danger. Therefor e, plants must adhere to the allowable radioactive exposure so that the source does not become harmful to the human health and the environment. Uranium being a radioactive element can increase cancer incidences, if limits of radon-226RN and 222Rn- concentration surpass the permissible limit (El-Hinnawi par 6). Additionally, during mining, exposure to dust and radiation can result in respiratory diseases, cancerous growths in the body, and deaths. Wind erosion can blow piles of mills into rivers, thus causing leaching.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Environmental Impact of Nuclear Energy. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The toxic nature of fluorine and hydrogen fluoride that produces uranium hexafluoride poses serious health threats. Workers should protect themselves from the highly corrosive UF6 in order to avoid dangerous exposures. In operating nuclear plants, the fuel element retains most of the radioactive products, and the liquid and gas waste-processing system removes the radioactive releases. Comparison Gaseous emissions from nuclear reactors are negligible to fossil fuel-operated plants. However, the reactors release a lot of heat during operation, and direct them to the cooling water. Accidents are possible with the operation of nuclear reactors; however, necessary safety practices and devices have been integrated into the reactor to protect workers and the public in case of malfunctions (Davis and Keegan). Credible reports indicate that from1996 to 2000; those who encountered severer accidents due to nuclear accidents were 48 and 597 due to coal accidents (Roberts). In case of chemical leakage to the environment, radioactive elements can cause adverse effects on fauna and flora. For instance, in the Fukushima disaster, radioactive elements caused mass water and soil pollution to the extent that the locals had to stop using water from taps and certain products (Sugihara, Genichi , and Shiro 89). A nuclear plant requires stringent procedures and monitoring during construction and operation since it uses extremely harmful chemicals that can stay long in a human’s body and the environment. Radioactive elements reduce soil fertility thereby killing plants growth. Nuclear energy is an extremely delicate source of energy, as it requires a complex safety system and highly skilled personnel in order to operate at cost-effective terms. The high demand for electricity world over and constant advocating for a clean environment by many organizations make nuclear energy to be a preferred choice to coal. The Clean Energy Standard Act of 2012 advocates the use of energy sources that do not produce greenhouse gases (El-Hinnawi par. 4). Clearly, this makes coal lose preference to nuclear energy, as it limits global warming. The nuclear energy industry has been able to account for its wastes. Nuclear, therefore, remains as the best energy option for the current world, which struggles to prevent adverse effects to the environment. Despite nuclear energy having harmful health and environmental effects, it is highly likely that the US continue using it as the main source of energy given its relatively eco-friendly nature. Batagol, Cheryl. Clean Energy | US EPA. US Environmental Protection Agency. N.p., n.d. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Davis, Dave, and Michael J Keegan. Nonrenewable Energy Sources. U.S. Energy  Information Administration (EIA). N.p., n.d. Web. El-Hinnawi, Essam E. Review of the Environmental Impact of Nuclear Energy. International Atomic Energy Agency. N.p., n.d. Web. Roberts, Ball. Safety of Nuclear Power Reactors. Safety of Nuclear Reactors. N.p., n.d. Web. Rosenberg, Jennifer . Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster. About.com 20th Century History. N.p., n.d. Web. Sugihara, Genichi, and Shiro Suda. Need For Close Watch On Childrens Health After Fukushima Disaster. The Lancet 378.9790 (2011): 485-486. Print.

Role of the Internet in Economic Development and Culture Coursework

Role of the Internet in Economic Development and Culture - Coursework Example The essay will also study how developing countries are using the technology for economic development, and whether a gap is being formed between rich and poor countries due to the advent of this technology. Concepts such as globalization, strategic and international management and marketing, and culture will be delved into with use of established literature where necessary and every effort will be made to provide meaningful conclusions. 2. Evolution of Internet and its impact on culture and businesses At the most basic of levels, the internet can be described as a worldwide network of networks, enabling millions of smaller computers to share information with each other and to share various communications, databases, and transactions. For individual perspective, when one is connected to the internet, he/she can contact anyone else on the internet, can trade or publish ideas, and can sell products with minimum overhead costs (Reedy and Schullo 2004; Trott, 2008). With such flexibility, the internet, and its main application, the World Wide Web (WWW), have given businesses a useful alternative to carry out their operations, which is resulting in increased customer satisfaction, which in turn leads to more measures for the development of ‘online’ businesses. Reedy and Schullo (2004) summarise that the internet as a whole must liken to a toolkit containing multipurpose gadgets with many useful innovations. In order to understand the true potential of the internet, Reedy and Schullo (2004) also suggest that it is vital to also gain knowledge of the origins and evolution of the aforementioned innovations. The advent of the internet as a main personal and commercial tool was a result of the concept of technology transfer, wherein the early 1980’s the initial technology leading to the internet was only used for military and scientific purposes. Later, this initial technology was made open for researchers and businesses to adopt and exploit for further development and innovation, and the internet, as we know it today, was born (Trott 2008). Hence the process of technology transfer is of promoting technical innovation through the transfer of ideas, knowledge, devices, and artifacts from leading businesses, research organizations and academic research to more general and effective application in industry and commerce (Trott 2008). Although the internet has inbuilt weaknesses like security problems, they can manage optimally by successfully implementing the information security policies, including fail-safe Anti-Virus Protection system (Milberg 2000). As a result, it can be inferred that the internet itself has become a safe channel for technology transfer through the efficient and cost-effective manner in which entities can transfer and share information, and also facilitate innovation through such interaction. Apart from technology transfer, by allowing people of different culture to interact in a virtual space, it also leads to t he exchange of cultural information between them.

Career opportunities- Sports information director and Media relations Essay

Career opportunities- Sports information director and Media relations coordinator - Essay Example should possess good verbal and written communications, interpersonal relations, good presentation skills, and ability to work a flexible schedule (Gresham, 2015). According to Gresham (2015), to become a sports information director, one needs to pursue a degree in marketing, communication or sports. Further, one needs to get certification from the College Sports Information Directors of America to show that one has knowledge and acumen to succeed. The media relations coordinator acts as the principal point of contact for all public and media relations efforts. They engage in shaping and propagating the broad communication strategies that will influence the audiences (Loughborough University, 2010). The entry level of a media relations officer includes a bachelor’s degree in communication, public relations or any other related field. One also needs knowledge and experience with media monitoring software, online media databases, excellent attention to details, and proficiency in computer skills, ability to work independently, excellent written, verbal and interpersonal communication skills and good networking skills (Marketing Schools.org., 2012). To become a public relations coordinator, one needs to go through the general education. The person should have the ability to communicate fluently both in writing and in speech. One should also get training in marketing, communications and writing. Additionally one should be networked by joining the Public Relations Student Society of America. One should also get to go for internships while in school to gain the hands-on knowledge (Marketing Schools.org.,

Working Capital Management and UK Listed Companies Profitability Dissertation

Working Capital Management and UK Listed Companies Profitability - Dissertation Example Research Question How do the working capital management affect the profitability of manufacturing companies of UK? 2. Aim and Objectives of the Research The research paper will strive to deal with the relationship of companies’ working capital management and their profitability. Working capital management is vital area for the growth and sustainability of companies and hence, it plays very significant role in determining the level of profitability. However, the corporate environment of different countries varies and hence, management of specific region have their different priorities for achieving growth and success. This is the reason correlation between the two or more variables of different regions vary. The primary aim of this paper is to examine the relationship of working capital management with profitability level of the listed manufacturing companies in UK. Working capital management includes number components that determine the efficiency of the management. Considerin g these facts, the research will also focus on certain specific objective as follows. To determine the efficacy of management in managing working capital of manufacturing listed companies of UK. To present and understand theoretical background relating to efficiency of working capital management and company growth. To determine the relationship between different components of working capital management and components of profitability. To determine influence of efficient working capital management on level of profitability and growth in listed manufacturing companies of UK. 3. Literature Review 3.1. Theoretical Background of Research This section will attempt to a theoretical background relation to the working capital management and profitability. Working capital management has always been a very critical area for companies’ growth and sustainability. Working capital mainly includes two basic components i.e. current liabilities and current asset. The efficient management of th ese two types of capital is known working capital management (Siddiqui, 2006, p.279). In order to present a detail background of working capital management, this section will explicitly present need of working capital and its importance for the growth of a company. Next, it will also analyse the different objectives of working capital management. Efficient working capital management is also highly required for managing risks within a company. A company is always exposed to number of risks and the working capital management is directly related to certain risks like operational risks, liquidity risks, credit risks, and information reporting risks. An efficient management of working must assure a lower level of risks. Therefore, working capital management can also be termed as a tool to overcome the stated risks that may create threat to sustainability of a company (Sagner, 2010, p.201). Another major role of working capital management is that it strives to create a trade off between r isk and profitability. In this regard, the risk is technically insolvency which is measure by net working capital (NWC). It has been found that many firms can operate in spite of facing technically insolvency. However, in such case, the company suffered from ‘slow poisoned’ as technically insolvency negatively affect growth, profitability and operational efficacy. If the management is unable to overcome this technically insolvency position, it may lead to business collapse (Khan, 2004, p.26.4). Using the financial techniques like ratio analyses, efficacy level of the working capital can be determined and it also reflect the managements’