She pitied men always as if they lacked something. How does Woolf Essay

Marketing Plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Advertising Plan - Term Paper Example SWOT examination has distinguished that one-stop area and the enormous Victorian house with a limit of 600 individuals make Creations for You an ideal spot to commend a wide range of capacities. Be that as it may, absence of consciousness of clients about the new startup and tremendous beginning speculations give off an impression of being two significant shortcomings of organization. To contend in an exceptionally serious market, the organization expects to focus on the showcasing fragments through a successful limited time technique. Both the indoor and outside limited time instruments will be utilized to make mindfulness among the individuals and incorporated promoting correspondence approach will be utilized be that as it may; to recuperate these expenses and other fixed and variable costs, organization will embrace a hostage evaluating procedure. SWOT Analysis Strengths Company has a colossal Victorian home wherein 600 people can be balanced A customer one stop area where all we dding administrations are accessible Weaknesses Being a new business, nobody thinks about the organization thusly, huge advertising endeavors should be put to advance the organization Huge introductory speculations and promoting costs and less gainfulness Opportunities Changing considering designs individuals, for example, looking at marriage as a major one-day occasion in life is good People are eager to spend more cash on their weddings and services to keep up their social picture The expanding occupied schedules lead the individuals to settle on full administrations like this Threats Increasing rivalry Easy access to wholesalers and merchants encourage individuals to sort out such capacities effectively Increasing costs and expenses of items and administrations can build the expenses of activities of the organization Pricing Creations for You expects to offer unmistakable administrations to its clients, with the goal that the enormous long stretches of festivities may turn into a n excellent piece of their recollections. To offer selective and great administrations to clients, organization needs to set up an excellent picture in the market; in this manner, organization is spending immense expenses on advertising and advancements. Albeit fixed expenses of the organization are not extremely high be that as it may, variable costs will be altogether high. To accomplish the promoting targets of the organization, Product-line evaluating methodology will be utilized. There are different kinds of valuing techniques in the product offering evaluating system including hostage estimating, snare evaluating, evaluating line and premium valuing (Pride and Ferrell, 2007). The significant administrations of the organization will be offered to clients by embracing a hostage estimating technique. Hostage estimating system is the most reasonable procedure for administrations of the organization in light of the fact that the clients will be pulled in by keeping the costs of fun damental administrations low though, the costs of different administrations will be kept high (Pride, Hughes, and Kapoor, 2009). For instance, for a particular occasion the Victorian home will be accessible at advertise serious costs. The clients will get pulled in when they will see the low cost of the corridor be that as it may, the estimation of different administrations that will be required to compose the whole occasion will be saved high for instance, other than the lobby charges, the per head cost, helping cost, music framework cost, botanical setting or stage improvement cost and so forth will be offered at significant expenses. Hence, hostage valuing technique will assist the organization with attracting the clients and it will help the com

The Difference Between Normal Anxiety and GAD

The Difference Between Normal Anxiety and GAD GAD Symptoms Print The Difference Between Normal Anxiety and GAD By William Meek Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on November 23, 2019 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD on November 23, 2019 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Hero Images / Getty Images Differentiating between normal anxiety and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) can be tricky. How do you know, especially if you are a little more anxious than others, whether or not your anxiety is significant enough to qualify as a disorder? Generalized Anxiety Disorder Many people feel anxious from time to time, especially during times of stress. However, when you worry excessively, so much so that it interferes with day-to-day activities, you might have GAD.?? Some people develop GAD as a child while others do not see symptoms until they are an adult. Either way, living with GAD can last a long time. In many cases, it occurs along with other anxiety or mood disorders. In most cases, it improves with medications or ?talk therapy (psychotherapy).?? Making lifestyle changes, learning coping skills and using relaxation techniques also can help. Symptoms GAD symptoms can include:?? Persistent worrying or obsession with small or large concerns thats out of proportion to the impact of the eventInability to set aside or let go of a worryInability to relax, restlessness, and feeling keyed up or on edgeDifficulty concentrating, or the feeling that your mind goes blankWorrying about excessively worryingDistress about making decisions for fear of making the wrong decisionCarrying every option in a situation all the way out to its possible negative conclusionDifficulty handling uncertainty or indecisiveness Physical signs and symptoms may include:?? FatigueIrritabilityMuscle tension or muscle achesTrembling, feeling twitchyBeing easily startledTrouble sleepingSweatingNausea, diarrhea or irritable bowel syndromeHeadachesMemory problems Do You Have an Anxiety Disorder? The following is a brief guide to determining whether generalized anxiety disorder may be something that you are struggling with.?? 1. Severe Although at times the anxiety that all people experience can be somewhat severe, a characteristic of GAD is that this anxiety is usually more intense and long-lasting. If you have more severe anxiety than most other people you know, then it may be more than normal anxiety. 2. Disproportionate The experience of anxiety for most people is proportionate to the intensity of the situation. For example, if there was a minor anxiety-provoking situation, then the experience of anxiety is typically minor as well. People with GAD tend to become more anxious than the situation appears to warrant. Therefore, if you are someone who has more severe anxiety over “things that shouldn’t be a big deal,” it may be more than normal anxiety. 3. About Everything When people experience normal anxiety they tend to worry about things related to the anxiety-provoking situation, or several other things that make them fearful. People with GAD tend to be described as worrying about everything all the time.” If that describes you, it may be more than normal anxiety. 4. No Control Most people can reduce and control their anxiety through a variety of coping techniques and the ability to calm oneself. However, people with GAD have significant difficulty finding relaxation, calm, and time away from their worries. If you have more difficulty than other people you know in controlling your anxiety, it may be more than normal anxiety. The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

Chemistry Abbreviations Starting with the Letter F

Chemistry abbreviations and acronyms are common in all fields of science. This collection offers common abbreviations and acronyms beginning with the letter F used in chemistry and chemical engineering.f - femtoF - FluorineFA - Fully AmorphousFA - Furnace AnnealingFAC - Free Available ChlorineFAD - Flavin Adenine DinucleotideFADE - Fast Atomic Density EvaluationFAN - Free Amino NitrogenFAS - Fluorescence Actin StainingFAS - Folic Acid SynthesisFBC - Fesser, Bishop and Campbell modelFBD - Free Body DiagramFBR - Fast Breeder ReactorFC - Face CellFC - Face CenteredFC - Fragment CrystallizationFCC - Face Centered CubicFCC - Fluid Catalytic CrackingFCC - Food Chemical CodexFCCU - Fluidized Catalytic Cracking UnitFCHC - Face Centered Hyper-CubicFCS - Fellow of the Chemical SocietyFCS - Fire Control SystemFCS - Fluorescence Correlation SpectroscopyFE - FerredoxinFE - Free EnergyFe - IronFGC - Flue Gas ConditioningFIGD - Flow Injection/Gas DiffusionFIGE - Field Inversion Gel ElectrophoresisF IPS - Fast Imaging Plasma SpectrometerFm - FermiumFOS - FructoOligoSaccharideFP - Freezing PointFPD - Freezing Point DepressionFPLC - Fast Performance Liquid ChromatographyFr - FranciumFRAP - Fluorine-Resistant Acid PhosphataseFRS - Fellow of the Royal SocietyFS - Free StateFSA - Formamidine Sulphinic AcidFW - Formula Weight​

Barriers Of Beliefs About Intelligence And Cognitive...

This literature review focuses on the available literature about the barriers for women going into engineering leading to the underrepresentation of women in engineering. â€Å"Only 8% of British engineers are women, the lowest proportion in Europe, and well behind Germany (15%), Sweden (25%) and top-performing Latvia (30%)† (Rankin, 2014). Over the last few years, women in engineering has become a major research topic, though a large majority of the research available focuses on STEM (Science, Engineering, Technology and Mathematics) as a whole. This review will mainly be focusing on the barriers of beliefs about intelligence and cognitive abilities, self-assessment, and discrimination by stereotyping. Most of the literature available on the†¦show more content†¦Dweck’s (2007) research of looking at â€Å"how students cope with confusion when they are learning brand new material†, confirms Kimura’s previous statement. â€Å"Confusion is a common occurrence in math and science, where, unlike verbal areas, new material often involves completely new skills, concepts, or conceptual systems† (Dweck, 2007). This research shows that â€Å"bright girls did not cope at all well with †¦ confusion† and â€Å"in fact, the higher the girl’s IQ, the worse she did† (Dweck, 2007). Also â€Å"many high-IQ girls were unable to learn the material after experiencing confusion†, but this â€Å"did not happen to boys†. It â€Å"only energized them†. This was striking as they â€Å"were working with fifth-grade students† where â€Å"there was not stigma attached to girls achievement yet† (Dweck, 2007). Barba ra Licht corroborated this, finding from her own research â€Å"that bright girls – who were at the top of the heap when things went well – were vulnerable to a loss of confidence and a loss in effectiveness when they ran into difficulty† (Dweck, 2007) Dweck (2007) argues that â€Å"it is possible that at least part of the emerging difference in math is a gender difference in coping with setbacks and confusion rather than a gender difference in math ability†. Dweck (2007) argues â€Å"that girls who believe that intellectual abilities are just gifts do not fare well in math, but those who think they are qualities that can be developed often do just fine.† Dweck argues â€Å"that not all bright

Organizational Behavior and People Management for Communication

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Behavior and People Management for Communication. Answer: Introduction The concept of team management is regarded as most significant in terms of its influence on organizational growth and performance. Establishment of defined and well-executed team performance managementis considered as one of the vital areas in which leadership can influence on organisational outcomes. The report will evaluate the various aspects of team management such as recruitment management plan, communication strategies, assessment plan as well as improvement plan impact the organizational structure to further achieve project success for all stakeholders. Discussion Impact of Staff Management Plan in Organizational Performance Staffing or employing may be consideredas the function of management, which deals with selection, establishment, maintaining as well as labour development in a way, which results in organizational development and further helps the organization to achieve economic as well as effective outcomes. Productive recruitment plan can be implemented successfully by employing the ideal candidate for the required position (Cania, 2014). Employing efficient, skilled and knowledgeable employees will facilitate in attaining business growth and services. Recruitment of sufficient employee base will facilitate an organization to operate its business in ways in which greater client base can be achieved (Cummings Worley, 2014). The creative and unique staffing plan of Moodle, a learning platform can be cited here as an example for a better understanding of effective recruitment plan. Thus, role of leaders must concentrate on hiring the best and trained recruits who will results in producing satisfactory customer or stakeholder services. Leaders must develop dynamic team base that enables to greater productive delivery as well as services. Organizational Communication influence on Business Growth Organizational communication is regarded as a process where team members engage in gathering relevant information about their organization along with the transformations occurring within it (Tench et al., 2017). The primary concern of organizational communication plan should focus on conveying information about the actions occurring within the business premises among the employees. The transparency in communication process that Google executes is one of the cornerstones of the companys business growth. Effective and constructive communication strategies educate the employees about the current business strategies, client base and further encourage them to support the strategies. Impact of Assessment Plan on Organizational Performance In recent times, it is unthinkable to be a part of the team. It is highly influential for employees to effectively participate within a team improve its personal as well as career development and further improve organizational growth. Organizations must introduce professional development strategies to document the objectives and desired expertise of an employee. This plan further enables ton perform integrated manner with employees in order to recognize the essential talent and skills which support the team members professional objectives and business needs. Influence of Improvement Plan in Business This plan comprises of aspects which further facilitates in business growth. Role Model Growth- In this context the leader of the organization set the tone for facilitating the cultural growth of the organization(Smither, Houston McIntire, 2016). Effective communication expectations- The implementation of strategic communication is executed by leaders to produce motivation and enthusiasm and further create an environment for discussion and support. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that team management or team building can be considered as a key aspect for business growth and for accomplishment of stakeholders objectives. The report has evaluated certain aspects of assessment, communication and recruitment strategies which has contributed to the increased production of an organization. References Cania, L. (2014). The impact of strategic human resource management on organizational performance.Economia. Seria Management,17(2), 373-383. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Smither, R., Houston, J., McIntire, S. (2016).Organization development: Strategies for changing environments. Routledge. Tench, R., Ver?i?, D., Zerfass, A., Moreno, .,Verhoeven, P. (2017).Communication excellence: How to develop, manage and lead exceptional communications. Springer.

Managing Self and Personal Skills free essay sample

Management is the process of planning, organising, staffing, directing, motivating and controlling an organisation. The main responsibility of the manager is to achieve a good result by involving all the resources surrounding. Personal development planning provide a framework that make individuals identifies the areas of strength and weaknesses and come up with a quick that will optimize and capitalise all their existing skill and capabilities. It is the drop of development from a single person which will spread to many areas with the help of different media and communications. It is the combination of procurement and new skills and knowledge depending upon goal. The main theme or objective of PDP is assessment or asset including our knowledge, skills, capabilities and other qualification. It gives the concept of road map in terms of career when we will know which part of area we would like to develop and taken steps to move forward . We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Self and Personal Skills or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It helps to find out what will be the right decision at right time and by the right person and helps to find out the image of future. Managers should have several competencies and skills in order to be effective. It is important for the manager to have these skills to achieve their goals and meet organisational targets. The main purpose of this report is to look for the skills and competencies required by the managers. The first part of the report describes the skills required by the managers for achieving organisational goals and for effectiveness and successfulness of the managers. In the second part self-appraisal is conducted by doing SWOT analysis in order to determine the strengths and weaknesses needed to meet the required skills, opportunities and threats that I may face while running day to day business. Competencies required by managers: The main skills that the managers should have in order to lead the employees are as follows: Honest, integrated and trustworthy. They should have respect for all employees at all levels. Commitment for the growth and development of the organisation. Prominent, persistent and pessimistic; who doesn’t think situations cannot be improved. They should not let unethical behaviour go unchallenged. They should be friendly, understanding and helpful. They should do feedbacks and questionnaire from other employees so that they can make improvements if needed at regular basis (http://www. acbas. rg). However, this type of analysis is not too helpful for understanding the skills and knowledge that needs to be integrated into development initiatives (http://www. acbas. org). The empiricist such as Rosemary Stewart (1967) and Henry Mintzberg (1973) think that management is the process involving decision making, problem solving, intuitive and judgemental a ctivities. According to Rosabeth Moss Kanter (1984), managers also have to be specialists in ambiguity, with the ability to cope with conflicting and unclear requirements (How to be an even better manager: a complete A-Z of proven techniques; Michael Armstrong). Apart from those basic skills, managers should also require other competencies such as: Leadership Quality Good Communication IT skills Innovation and creativity Problem solving Leadership Quality: This quality is very vital for the effective manager which means leading other team members towards achieving organisational goals. â€Å"Leadership focuses on most important resource, people. It is the process of developing and communicating, a vision for the future, motivating people and gaining their commitment and engagement† (How to be an even better manager: a complete A-Z of proven techniques; Michael Armstrong). A manager has to be dynamic in his leadership and should be able to adopt different leadership styles to suit different conditions. A manager has to appreciate his staff and know how best to motivate them. Different people are enthused by different things and therefore knowledge of the staff’s personalities will be vivacious to success. Problem solving /conflict management Whenever the business needs the executive should step forward to explain the problems and how to overcome from these problems in very less time. Whenever there is dispute between staff or any work matter the manager should have high skill of solving their problems and should have an ability of finding another option to get rid of that problem. Information Technology Skills A manager in today’s world has to possess the needed IT skills for his position. For e Eg; there are different kinds of programs which help us to make our work easier with less effort and less man power. Today’s world is run by IT that means nearly 90 % of works are done by the programs of IT in every field of business and helps to run the business smooth and faster. PART TWO SWOT ANALYSIS SWOT analysis provides a strengths and weaknesses, and the opportunities and threats we face. SWOT analysis is a powerful technique that can be used when seeking a career improvement (or indeed any other personal improvement in your life). It helps to take advantage of our skills, talents and abilities to take our career to the next level. Resounding out a personal SWOT analysis can help you to recognise yourself and support the decision you make. It helps to highlights areas you may not have considered before and may help you to realise a different perspective in each area. It gives you a foundation from where you can move forward with our goal to support our career improvement and for you to take action. STRENGTHS Good team leader As I worked as a manager I have good ability to lead to team in good path and always try to make them together as far as possible. Quick and good decision maker As I have got good experience as a manager I can manage any problem promptly and in very simple way. Helpful and friendly As a manager I always try to treat all staff as friends and always looking forward to help if they are in need. Fast learner After looking any work I can easily follow that on second time . Good interpersonal skills I have worked in very busy areas so I have got good interpersonal skills. WEAKNESSES Innovation I am less innovative as I have not got good ideas about new business. IT skills As IT is new technology in this world it is bit hard for me to follow it as it have got lots of function. Oral communication I believe in working rather than talking so I cannot speak fluently . Time management I still cannot manage the time effectively. OPPORTUNITIES Learn to achieve new qualification I can learn new technology and skills which will help to improve business. On the job training I have a chance to improve on the skills I am lacking while working. THREATS Competition from other managers Other managers with the skills I am lacking are always waiting in the wings to take my job. Other organisation Other companies have got managers with the skills I lack and therefore may perform better than us which can put my position under threat. PART THREE PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING Personal development planning simply can be defined as a well structured and supported process undertaking by an individual in other to reflect on their own performance. It helps people to describe about their future and career development. It gives shapes to our planning and help to fulfil our goal in the easy and quickest way with following proper rules and way. It shows the best way and the effective way in order to reach at our goal. It always try to show the good part and bad parts of the business and personal life. In fact, it enhances our self-esteem and adapt to our qualification when we view complete for our higher position. Personal development plan also called IDP(individual development plan) or PEP (personal enterprise plan) usually include a statement of one’s aspiration, strengths or competencies, education and training, and stages or steps to indicate how the plan is to be realized. Personal development plan helps on the following way; Define short and long term objectives Decide what is needed to achieve these aims and objectives Be able to list, analyse and understand my strength and weaknesses. Use the analysis of aims and objectives and strengths and weaknesses to define my need for additional study, training and further development of all kinds to enhance my skills, knowledge and competencies. My personal development planning is made up of the following sections; Self-evaluation Target setting Action planning Action and practice Reflection Self-evaluation- where am I now? This stage helps me to find where I am and what position I have got and the position that I got is deserved or not? It tries to find in what areas I am good and in what areas I am bad and how far I have got success at my work. It helps to make yourself good and tries to make perfect in your current work with making little change and make up. I work at Mc Donald and I started as a crew member and recently I went for the crew trainer course and in future I may become manager. My strength is I have good experience about the customer service so I have got lots of ideas about dealing with different customers having different attitude and views. And my weakest point is I can’t find the right decision quickly. And also I am very bad in time keeping. Target setting –where do I want to get to? Target means the point or boundary up to where we want to extent. According to my view to head forward we need to plan because we can imagine what circumstances may arouse on the way to get that point. As I have got one target to become a store manager. For this I need to do very hard work and I need to make a initial planning and should have my strong determination to make it success. Action planning- how can I get there? Planning is the systematic way of getting things done. It is very important in order to see how the planning work and what will be the effects and results in future. It helps how to make the plan more useful and more effective and tries to make the plans successful. Action and Practice This means the plans are put into practice in order to see how does it work and will help to find what changes should be done in other to bring plan in action and also it helps to find the action is on practice or no? Reflection-how well did I do? Last but not the least it helps to analyse what was the result and how well does the plan works. And also helps to know what difficulties are seen and how we can overcome from those difficulties. It helps to find what are the main problems and what may be the remedies to sort out that problems. And it shows in what areas we can apply those. CONCLUSION: Last but not the least; we came to conclude that the competencies required by a manager is very important to become a perfect manager and to lead the business ahead. A manager acts as a guide in business who plans and tries to apply in it with different ways. If a manager doesn’t have any qualities then a business will be in loss and manager cannot balance the business and work. To become a manager lots of qualities are required. Today’s world is a business world so the manager should have an idea how we can improve the business and how we can take the advantages. According to the above statements it says that most of the good qualities are not come naturally but need to learn and follow. REFERENCES: Belbin, R. M. (2004) The Management of Teams: why they succeed or fail, 2nd edition, Oxford: Butterworth- Heinemann. Gallen, D. and Buckle, G. (2001) Personal and Practice Development Plans in Primary Care: a practical guide to getting started, Oxford: Butterworth- Heinemann. Katzenbach, J. R. and Smith, D. K. (1993) The Wisdom of Teams: creating the High- performance organisation, USA: Mckinsey and company. Kouzes, J. M and Posner, B. Z. (1987), Leadership the Challenge: Workbook, 1st edition, United states: Jossey-Bass, A wiley Company.

Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa Essays

Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa Essays Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa Essay Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa Essay Essay Topic: Literature In Chapter VII pages 167-169 of Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusas The Leopard is the actual ruin of the novels protagonist, Prince Don Fabrizio, and thus the near-ending of the story and Donnafugata. The chapter, titled Death of a Prince, consists of exactly this; the slow, alone death of Don Fabrizio in a hotel room a few hours after arriving Palermo. The passage being analysed, however, more specifically summarizes his thoughts and feelings about himself and his life while dying. The extract, while and after reading it, is effectively rather haunting for the reader. One of the most obvious features of the overall mood and atmosphere of the passage is its evident morbidity. Throughout, the Prince tends to ask himself rhetorical questions and make cynical statements that give him a sense of helplessness, lost in bitter melancholy. Why, he wondered, did God not want anyone to die with their own face on? (5-6) is an example of this. The morbid sense of the passage is also depicted by the Princes reference to death as a game Its a rule of the game; hateful but formal (17). This proves to be paradoxical, as death, which is normally perceived negatively, would not usually be associated with a word that is conventionally positive (game). Other features that facilitate the clear morbidity of this passage is Tomasi di Lampedusas subtle use of adjectives such as funeral black (24), metallic sea (29) and dark water towards the abyss (53) to describe the Princes depressing perception of his surroundings, which also illustrate his current state of mind. Funeral Black not only serves as a simple description, but is also an example of the way the extract foreshows the ending of everything the Prince, Donnafugata, the novel. The use of the reference to the imminent end (48) also very apparently indicates conclusion. : An impression is also made that everything around him is fading, through descriptions such as tenacious memories (27), which doubly emphasizes the waning nature of the environment, the ghosts of the cockroaches (25), which triggers emptiness, and faint [ odour (26). This sombre, inevitable doom in the atmosphere is also portrayed through the claustrophobic account of the room. The suffocating (24) disposition, the heat, the prison stink (29); though these descriptions contrast with the initial empty feeling of the room, Tomasi di Lampedusas depiction of the stale and musty atmosphere overpower the emptiness. Having three days growth of beard (3), the Prince himself illustrates staleness. Images, olfactory and otherwise, of the mustiness of ill-dusted plush (25), the faint medicinal odour (26), and the stale and varied urine (27) add to this depressing and nauseating tone of the mood and atmosphere. Throughout, the Prince gives a strong impression of his isolation. Although it is not clearly stated, this feature is shown through the inseparability of ideas between the atmosphere of the passage and Prince Don Fabrizios state of mind. Tomasi di Lampedusa seems to have written the Chapter in such a way that the atmosphere and surroundings described are almost by the character of the Prince himself. This is briefly mentioned previously where the Princes perception is directly linked to his current situation. The morbid atmosphere adds to his morbid reminiscent state, where he thinks about death and decay through various ways. His self-decay, or weakness, is depicted through his helplessness as he feels he is unable to contravene (14) and that he is a prey of untameable currents (54) a victim of his circumstances. This is even despite his attempt to maintain composure immersed in that great outer silence, in that terrifying inner rumble (37). One interesting feature of this passage is the way the Prince bitterly makes ironic comparisons and contrasts of his current dying state to his previous healthy state. For example, to hold up a razor would have been like holding up his own desk, before (14-15), or he found that to give way to drowsiness now would be as absurd as eating a slice of cake immediately before a longed-for banquet (34-35), which indirectly contributes to the extracts resentful tone. When the Prince contemplates the downfall of everything around him, it is as if his life is flashing before his eyes, as he is remembering everything of significance to him. Another stereotype of death occurs when there is a blinding light (28) amongst the darkness of the atmosphere; this follows the stereotypical idea of walking into the light pre or post-death. Overall, the Princes state of mind seems to be depressed, bitter, weak, and reminiscent, which is easier to observe due to the state of the atmosphere and mood. As this passage is fairly significant, there are many themes and patterns evident. Towards the beginning, when the Prince is describing his physical self as one of those maniac Englishmen who amble around the vignettes in books by Jules Verne (3-4), he also adds that he is A Leopard in a very bad trim (5). This hints a pattern of animal imagery, which is used fairly often in the novel. This may also be thought as slightly paradoxical, as leopards, animals that are noble, gallant and dignified are rarely in bad trims. Though there is not a great deal, olfactory images definitely occur a few times as well when Tomasi di Lampedusa describes the mustiness of the room, which was mentioned earlier. As obvious however, the main theme of this passage that appears in the novel is the idea of death and decay. Because the whole gist of the extract is based on this theme, the idea is self-explanatory; the death of the Prince, the decay of his life and surroundings (Donnafugata). This is related to another theme that is found in the passage: the inevitability of change. This is depicted by his helplessness as he gives in to enforced camouflage (13) and relinquishes with the idea that Theyll shave [him] [ ] afterwards (17). Another unavoidable theme throughout the passage is the idea of the passing of time through death and aging. Similar to the theme of death and decay, this is also quite apparent as the aging of the Prince, Donnafugata, and his belongings is clear through his words; for example, old man (10), telescopes now destined to years of dust (41), exhausted body (51). A last but important theme that this extract illustrates is the concept of isolation and solitude. The Prince makes it very clear here that he is alone as he is not interrupted by personally close characters during the excerpt. He seems as if he is in his own little world of thoughts, which already makes him emotionally isolated. The reader can only know he is alone for certain though by the last line, He was alone, a shipwrecked man adrift on a raft (54). This passage of Chapter VII from The Leopard is very significant in depicting the various themes and writing styles of Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa throughout the novel. The strong atmosphere and mood of the extract strongly facilitates the depiction of Prince Don Fabrizios state of mind. The contrast of his behaviour and thinking in this passage and chapter to his behaviour and thinking throughout the rest of the novel makes this extract very interesting to analyse. However what inclines to be the most evocative feature in the overall passage is Tomasi di Lampedusas ability to express the protagonists subjective, bitter views through his own objective narration. The effect of Chapter VII is thus a lasting one.

Ser Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, Examples

Ser Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, Examples The verb ser  is one of the  two  Spanish  verbs that mean to be.  The other one is the verb  estar. The verb  ser  is irregular, meaning  it does not follow a common  conjugation  pattern. In fact, ser is one of the most irregularly conjugated verbs in Spanish. Many of the conjugated forms dont even begin with s, and some forms are shared with the highly irregular verb ir (to go). This article includes  the  ser conjugations in the present, past, conditional and future indicative, the present and past subjunctive, the imperative, and other verb forms. Using the Verb Ser Ser  and  estar  are some of the most commonly used verbs in Spanish. Although they both mean to be, they are used in very different contexts. Ser is often used to talk about inherent or permanent characteristics. For example,  Ella es alta e inteligente (She is tall and smart). It is also used to talk about someones profession or occupation, as in Ella es doctora y à ©l es arquitecto (She is a doctor and he is an engineer), or to talk about where someone is from, as in El profesor es de Puerto Rico (The professor is from Puerto Rico). Ser can be used to talk about what something is made of, as in La puerta es de madera (The door is made of wood), or to talk about the location of an event, such as a meeting, party, festival, etc. For example,  La reunià ³n es en la oficina del doctor  (The meeting is in the doctors office). This verb is also used to talk about belonging. For example, La casa es de Alberto (The house is Albertos). Another use of the verb  ser  is in the passive voice, followed by the present participle, as in La tarea es hecha por el estudiante (The homework is done by the student). Yet another use of the verb ser is with impersonal expressions, such as Es necesario trabajar duro (It is necessary to work hard). Notice that in Spanish we do not use the verb ser to talk about someones age like we do in English (She is ten years old), but instead we use the verb tener to talk about how many years someone has (Ella tiene diez aà ±os). Ser Present Indicative The conjugations for ser in the present indicative tense are totally irregular. The first person singular conjugation soy is similar to other verbs like dar (doy), estar (estoy) and ir (voy). Yo soy I am Yo soy estudiante en la universidad. Tà º eres You are Tà º eres muy lista. Usted/à ©l/ella es You/he/she is Ella es doctora. Nosotros somos We are Nosotros somos buenos amigos. Vosotros sois You are Vosotros sois muy delgados. Ustedes/ellos/ellas son You/they are Ellos son personas trabajadoras. Ser Preterite Indicative The preterite tense conjugations of ser are also irregular, since they do not resemble the infinitive ser at all. Note that these conjugations are the exact same conjugations for the preterite indicative tense of the verb ir (to go). From context, you would be able to tell if you are talking about being or going. Yo fui I was Yo fui estudiante en la universidad. Tà º fuiste You were Tà º fuiste muy lista. Usted/à ©l/ella fue You/he/she was Ella fue doctora. Nosotros fuimos We were Nosotros fuimos buenos amigos. Vosotros fuisteis You were Vosotros fuisteis muy delgados. Ustedes/ellos/ellas fueron You/they were Ellos fueron personas trabajadoras. Ser Imperfect Indicative Ser is one of the few verbs that are irregular in the imperfect tense, since it does not use either of the usual imperfect conjugation endings (à ­a or aba). Remember that the imperfect tense can be translated as was being or used to be. Yo era I used to be Yo era estudiante en la universidad. Tà º eras You used to be Tà º eras muy lista. Usted/à ©l/ella era You/he/she used to be Ella era doctora. Nosotros à ©ramos We used to be Nosotros à ©ramos buenos amigos. Vosotros erais You used to be Vosotros eraismuy delgados. Ustedes/ellos/ellas eran You/they used to be Ellos eran personas trabajadoras. Ser Future Indicative The future indicative tense is conjugated regularly, since you can start with the infinitive (ser) and add the future tense endings (à ©, s, , emos, is, n). Yo serà © I will be Yo serà © estudiante en la universidad. Tà º sers You will be Tà º sers muy lista. Usted/à ©l/ella ser You/he/she will be Ella ser doctora. Nosotros seremos We will be Nosotros seremos buenos amigos. Vosotros serà ©is You will be Vosotros serà ©ismuy delgados. Ustedes/ellos/ellas sern You/theywill be Ellos sern personas trabajadoras. Ser Periphrastic  Future Indicative   The periphrastic future is formed with three components: the present indicative conjugation of the verb ir (to go), the preposition a, and the infinitive ser. Yo voy a ser I am going to be Yo voya ser estudiante en la universidad. Tà º vasa ser You are going to be Tà º vasa ser muy lista. Usted/à ©l/ella vaa ser You/he/she are going to be Ella vaa ser doctora. Nosotros vamosa ser We are going tobe Nosotros vamosa ser buenos amigos. Vosotros vaisa ser You are going tobe Vosotros vaisa ser muy delgados. Ustedes/ellos/ellas vana ser You/theyare going tobe Ellos vana ser personas trabajadoras. Ser Present Progressive/Gerund Form The gerund  or present participle is formed with the stem of the verb and the ending -iendo (for -er and -ir verbs). It can be used to form progressive tenses like the present progressive, which is usually accompanied by the auxiliary verb estar. Present Progressive ofSer est siendo She is being Ella est siendo una buena doctora al cuidar de sus pacientes. Ser Past Participle The past participle is used to form perfect tenses like the present perfect, which is formed with the auxiliary verb haber and the past participle sido. Present Perfect ofSer ha sido She has been Ella ha sido doctora durante toda su carrera. Ser Conditional Indicative The conditional tense is normally translated to English as would verb. It is formed regularly like the future tense, by starting with the infinitive form and adding the conditional endings. Yo serà ­a I will be Yo serà ­a estudiante en la universidad si me hubieran admitido. Tà º serà ­as You will be Tà º serà ­as muy lista si estudiaras ms. Usted/à ©l/ella serà ­a You/he/she will be Ella serà ­a doctora si no hubiera estudiado leyes. Nosotros serà ­amos We will be Nosotros serà ­amos buenos amigos si vivià ©ramos ms cerca. Vosotros serà ­ais You will be Vosotros serà ­aismuy delgados si hicierais dieta. Ustedes/ellos/ellas serà ­an You/theywill be Ellos serà ­an personas trabajadoras si quisieran. Ser Present Subjunctive The conjugation of the present subjunctive of ser is completely irregular. Que yo sea That I be Mi madre quiere que yo sea estudiante en la universidad. Que tà º seas That you be A la maestra le encanta que tà º seas muy lista. Que usted/à ©l/ella sea That you/he/she be Pap espera que ella sea doctora. Que nosotros seamos That we be El consejero quiere que nosotros seamos buenos amigos. Que vosotros seis That you be El mà ©dico recomienda que vosotros seismuy delgados. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas sean That you/they be El jefe espera que ellos sean personas trabajadoras. Ser Imperfect Subjunctive You can conjugate the imperfect subjunctive in two different ways, both considered correct. Option 1 Que yo fuera That I were Mam querà ­a que yo fuera estudiante en la universidad. Que tà º fueras That you were A la maestra le encantaba que tà º fueras muy lista. Que usted/à ©l/ella fuera that you/he/she were Pap esperaba que ella fuera doctora. Que nosotros fuà ©ramos That we were El consejero querà ­a que nosotros fuà ©ramos buenos amigos. Que vosotros fuerais That you were El mà ©dico recomendaba que vosotros fuerais muy delgados. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas fueran That you/they were El jefe esperaba que ellos fueran personas trabajadoras. Option 2 Que yo fuese That I were Mam querà ­a que yo fuese estudiante en la universidad. Que tà º fueses That you were A la maestra le encantaba que tà º fueses muy lista. Que usted/à ©l/ella fuese that you/he/she were Pap esperaba que ella fuese doctora. Que nosotros fuà ©semos That we were El consejero querà ­a que nosotros fuà ©semos buenos amigos. Que vosotros fueseis That you were El mà ©dico recomendaba que vosotros fueseis muy delgados. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas fuesen That you/they were El jefe esperaba que ellos fuesen personas trabajadoras. Ser Imperative The imperative mood is used to give commands or orders. The tables below show both positive and negative commands. Positive commands Tà º sà © Be!  ¡Sà © muy lista! Usted sea Be!  ¡Sea doctora! Nosotros seamos Let's be!  ¡Seamos buenos amigos! Vosotros sed Be!  ¡Sed muy delgados! Ustedes sean Be!  ¡Sean personas trabajadoras! Negative commands Tà º no seas Don't be!  ¡No seas muy lista! Usted no sea Don't be!  ¡No sea doctora! Nosotros no seamos Let's not be!  ¡No seamos buenos amigos! Vosotros no seis Don't be!  ¡No seis muy delgados! Ustedes no sean Don't be!  ¡No sean personas trabajadoras!

Nobody Gets Married Anymore, Mister by Gerry Garibaldi Article

Nobody Gets Married Anymore, Mister by Gerry Garibaldi - Article Example The author predicts in the article that although money, reforms, and the gleaming porcelain hold great importance for the schools they can hardly make a good impact on the minds of the children. The reason is that urban teachers and students are facing such problems, which are associated with the mindset of children, which cannot be changed due to reforms. â€Å"Urban teachers face an intractable problem, one that we cannot spend or even teach our way out of teen pregnancy†. In the remaining part of the article, the author describes her experience of dealing with her pregnant students. The author mainly emphasizes her encounter with a girl named Nicole who is likely to become a teenage mother. Along with Nicole, who has been the focus of the author in the whole article, the author also highlights her experience with another student, jasmine, who gave birth to a child nearly six months ago. In the end, the author tells us about Data Wall, which is a strategy for the teachers to produce data about the progress of the students. My own belief about the issue of teenage pregnancies is somewhat conservative. I believe that teenage pregnancies result in creating many social and health problems. The government of the U.S.A provides considerable benefits to the unwed teenage mothers, which is one of the main factors behind the increase in the rate of teenage pregnancies. Jansson states, â€Å"Refusing or severely limiting public benefits to teenage mothers, will reduce out-of-wedlock birthrates†. Some girls do not get pregnant intentionally. Such girls forget using pills or other contraceptive methods during sex, so their chances of getting a pregnant increase. Such pregnancies also give rise to illegal abortions, which is another ethical issue.

Corporate Profit Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate Profit - Research Paper Example $3178(in thousands) with the actual sales of $7812(in thousands), whereas of district number two is $3058 (in thousands) with the actual sales of $74809(in thousands). The northeast company with the sales of $6812 (in thousands) has actual gross profit of $2478(in thousands). This district, since it has third largest sales is expected that it would have third larges profit margins also, but it is not so. The other districts like district number 4 has more profit margins, $2590(in thousands) than the northeast district. The graph below shows the comparison of various districts considering actual gross profit of various districts. District number 4 has same number of sales representatives as northeast district. It is this figure which ahs compelled the country sales manager to appoint a new district sales manager so as to increase the sales margins of the company in that district. The actual gross profit of districts 5, 6 and 7 are $2372(in thousands), $2358 (in thousands) and $2260 (i n thousands) respectively. Though northeast district higher profits than district 5, 6 and 7, yet considering its sales figure it is not high enough districts. The analysis of these expenses is important because the actual profits of the company depend on these expenses. As clearly seen from the graph, district 2 has less expenses than district 3 i.e. north east district this in spite of district 2 having more actual sales and actual gross profit than northeast district. As the expenses increase profits are bound to reduce. This explains why northeast district is showing lesser profits compared to other districts with the similar actual sales. Of these expenses the district has $108(in thousands) expenses in the form of sales representative expenses. The main aim of the new manager would be to reduce these expenses. Selling expenses of the other countries are comparatively lesser than that of the northeast district. This has prompted the country sales manager to appoint the new sales manager for the district so as to reduce the expenses. Figure 3 4) District wise contribution to the Corporate Profit: From the graph below it is clear that district 1 contributed $2401,168 while district 2 contributed $2355,308 towards the corporate profit. However since the northeast company higher expenses its contribution towards the corporate profits is $1740942. This is even lesser than the district number 4 which we had seen earlier had lesser sales than the northeast district. Contribution of district 4 is $1,893,694. Contribution of north central district, number 7, is surprisingly 2,019,484, which is much more than northeast district. The prominent reason behind this is that is has very low expenses $600516. This clearly shows again that the expenses of northeast company

The Selfish Gene :: essays research papers fc

Creationism is a Bible–based view of human origin that states humans were created in their current form and have not changed, or evolved, throughout the years. However the belief that our species has changed over time to suit our environment is considered evolution. As both sides possess strong evidence for their conclusions, the debate that stemmed many years ago, even before the famous Scopes trial, has no end in sight. Recently state education boards in Kansas, Alabama and Kentucky have given school districts the opportunity to decide for themselves whether creationism will be taught, along with evolution, in their classrooms. Furthermore, the state of Colorado has dropped all questions on their standardized tests that pertain to evolution. Conversely, on October 8th, 1999 '…the New Mexico Board of Education voted overwhelmingly… to limit the statewide science curriculum to the teaching of evolution'; (Janofsky 1). Creationists refer to the Bible to explain that the creator developed the universe, including Adam and Eve. But, creationists also use science to disprove the theory of evolution. Through the second law of thermodynamics, which states that a system is always heading towards disorder, creationists explain that there was once a time when the universe was more orderly and that singularity existed approximately 15 billion years ago. If this is true, where did this singularity come from? Creationists believe that only a superior creator could have set forth this condition. Although evolution is only a theory, it is widely accepted and is based solely on scientific data. Through the second law of thermodynamics evolutionists believe that humans should continue in a pattern of disorder as are those things neglected in a system. However, humans have become more orderly and more suited for their environment, clearly a process that is carried out by gradual change over time. Through Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species, published in 1859, the world was introduced to natural selection and the theory of evolution. In his autobiography, Darwin states 'It was evident that such facts as these, as well as many others, could be explained on the supposition that species gradually become modified'; (118-119). This type of thinking in his times was extremely radical and unheard of, but throughout the years evolution has been explored further and accepted by most scientists. Further research into the origin of man proved that genes were the maps by which humans change. In The Selfish Gene, Richard Dawkins states ".

Philippine Literature Essay

Literature 1. Literature is the art of written works, and is not bound to published sources. The word literature means â€Å"acquaintance with letters†. The two most basic written literary categories include fiction and non fiction. a) Etymology- late 14c. , from L. lit(t)eratura â€Å"learning, writing, grammar,† originally â€Å"writing formed with letters,† from lit(t)era â€Å"letter. † Originally â€Å"book learning† (it replaced O. E. boccr? ft), the meaning â€Å"literary production or work† is first attested 1779 in Johnson’s â€Å"Lives of the English Poets† (he didn’t include this definition in his dictionary, however); that of â€Å"body of writings from a period or people† is first recorded 1812. b) Types: * An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation. * Lyric poetry is a form of poetry that expresses personal and emotional feelings. In the ancient world, lyric poems were meant to be played to the lyre. Lyric poems do not have to rhyme, and today do not need to be set to music or a beat. * Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance. The term comes from a Greek word meaning â€Å"action† , which is derived from â€Å"to do†. * Romance or chivalric romance is a style of heroic prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe. * Satire is primarily a literary genre or form, although in practice it can also be found in the graphic and performing arts in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ideally with the intent of shaming individuals, and society itself, into improvement. * Comedy is any humorous discourse intended to amuse, in television, film, and stand-up comedy. * Tragedy is a form of art based on human suffering that offers its audience pleasure. 2. Literary Forms based on Philippine Historical Period a) Ancient Literature of Folk Literature. Compared to other Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines has very few artifacts that show evidence of writing. It is known that the Filipinos transferred information by word of mouth so it is not a surprise to know that literacy only became widespread in 1571 when the Spaniards came to the Philippines. But the early script used by the Filipinos called Baybayin or Alibata became widespread in Luzon. The Spaniards recorded that people in Manila and other places wrote on bamboo or on specially prepared palm leaves, using knives and styli. They used the ancient Tagalog script which had 17 basic symbols, three of which were the vowels a/e, i, and o/u. Each basic consonantal symbol had the inherent a sound: ka, ga, nga, ta, da, na, pa, ba, ma, ya, la, wa, sa, and ha. A diacritical mark, called kudlit, modified the sound of the symbol into different vowel sounds. The kudlit could be a dot, a short line, or even an arrowhead. When placed above the symbol, it changed the inherent sound of the symbol from a/e to i; placed below, the sound became o/u. Thus a ba/be with a kudlit placed above became a bi; if the kudlit was placed below, the symbol became a bo/bu. Owing to the works of our own archaeologists, ethnologists and anthropologists, we are able to know more and better judge information about Philippine pre-colonial times set against a bulk of material about early Filipinos as recorded by Spanish, Chinese, Arabic and other chroniclers of the past. Pre-colonial inhabitants of our islands showcase the Philippines’ rich past through their folk sayings, folk songs, folk narratives and indigenous rituals and mimetic dances. The most seminal of these folk sayings is the riddle which is tigmo in Cebuano, bugtong in Tagalog, paktakon in Ilonggo and patototdon in Bicol. There are also proverbs or aphorisms that express norms or codes of behavior, community beliefs or values by offering nuggets of wisdom in short, rhyming verse. The folk song, is a form of folk lyric which expresses the hopes and aspirations, the people’s lifestyles as well as their loves. These are often repetitive and sonorous, didactic and naive as in the children’s songs or Ida-ida (Maguindanao), tulang pambata (Tagalog) or cansiones para abbing (Ibanag). A few examples are the lullabyes or Ili-ili (Ilonggo); love songs like the panawagon and balitao (Ilonggo); harana or serenade (Cebuano); the bayok (Maranao); the seven-syllable per line poem, ambahan of the Mangyans that are about human relationships, social entertainment and also serve as tools for teaching the young; work songs that depict the livelihood of the people often sung to go with the movement of workers such as the kalusan (Ivatan), soliranin (Tagalog rowing song), the mambayu, a Kalinga rice-pounding song, and the verbal jousts/games like the duplo popular during wakes. The folk narratives, such as epics and folk tales are varied, exotic and magical. They were created to explain the phenomena of the world long before science came to be known. They explain how the world was created, how certain animals possess certain characteristics, why some places have waterfalls, volcanoes, mountains, flora or fauna and, in the case of legends, the origins of things. Fables are about animals and these teach moral lessons. The epics come in various names: Guman (Subanon); Darangen (Maranao); Hudhud (Ifugao); and Ulahingan (Manobo). These epics revolve around supernatural events or heroic deeds and they embody or validate the beliefs and customs and ideals of a community. They are performed during feasts and special occasions such as harvests, weddings or funerals by chanters. Examples of these epics are the Lam-ang (Ilocano); Hinilawod (Sulod); Kudaman (Palawan); Darangen (Maranao); Ulahingan (Livunganen-Arumanen Manobo); Mangovayt Buhong na Langit (The Maiden of the Buhong Sky from Tuwaang–Manobo); Ag Tobig neg Keboklagan (Subanon); and Tudbulol (T’boli). b) Philippine Literature under Spanish Period The arrival of the Spaniards in 1565 brought Spanish culture and language. The Spanish conquerors, governing from Mexico for the crown of Spain, established a strict class system that was based on race and soon imposed Roman Catholicism on the native population. While it is true that Spain subjugated the Philippines for more mundane reasons, this former European power contributed much in the shaping and recording of our literature. Religion and institutions that represented European civilization enriched the languages in the lowlands, introduced theater which we would come to know as komedya, the sinakulo, the sarswela, the playlets and the drama. The natives, called indio, generally were not taught Spanish, but the bilingual individuals, notably poet-translator Gaspar Aquino de Belen, produced devotional poetry written in the Roman script in the Tagalog language. Literature from this period may be classified as religious prose and poetry and secular prose and poetry. Religious lyrics written by ladino poets or those versed in both Spanish and Tagalog were included in early catechism and were used to teach Filipinos the Spanish language. Another type of religious lyrics is the meditative verse like the dalit appended to novenas and catechisms. It has no fixed meter nor rhyme scheme although a number are written in octo-syllabic quatrains and have a solemn tone and spiritual subject matter. Secular works appeared alongside historical and economic changes, the emergence of an opulent class and the middle class who could avail of a European education. This Filipino elite could now read printed works that used to be the exclusive domain of the missionaries. The most notable of the secular lyrics followed the conventions of a romantic tradition: the languishing but loyal lover, the elusive, often heartless beloved, the rival. The leading poets were Jose Corazon de Jesus (Huseng Sisiw) and Francisco Balagtas. Some secular poets who wrote in this same tradition were Leona Florentino, Jacinto Kawili, Isabelo de los Reyes and Rafael Gandioco. Another popular type of secular poetry is the metrical romance, the awit and korido in Tagalog. The awit is set in dodecasyllabic quatrains while the korido is in octosyllabic quatrains. An example of this is the Ibong Adarna (Adarna Bird). There are numerous metrical romances in Tagalog, Bicol, Ilonggo, Pampango, Ilocano and in Pangasinan. The awit as a popular poetic genre reached new heights in Balagtas’s Florante at Laura (ca. 1838-1861), the most famous of the country’s metrical romances. Again, the winds of change began to blow in 19th century Philippines. Filipino intellectuals educated in Europe called ilustrados began to write about the downside of colonization. This, coupled with the simmering calls for reforms by the masses inspired a formidable force of writers like Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, Emilio Jacinto and Andres Bonifacio. This led to the formation of the Propaganda Movement where prose works such as the political essays and Rizal’s two political novels, Noli Me Tangere and the El filibusterismo helped usher in the Philippine revolution resulting in the downfall of the Spanish regime, and, at the same time planted the seeds of a national consciousness among Filipinos. But before Rizal’s political novels came, the novel Ninay (1885) by Pedro Paterno, which was largely cultural and is considered the first Filipino novel. Although Paterno’s Ninay gave impetus to other novelists like Jesus Balmori and Antonio M. Abad to continue writing in Spanish, their efforts did not flourish. Other Filipino writers published the essay and short fiction in Spanish in La Vanguardia, El Debate, Renacimiento Filipino, and Nueva Era. The more notable essayists and fictionists were Claro M. Recto, Teodoro M. Kalaw, Epifanio de los Reyes, Vicente Sotto, Trinidad Pardo de Tavera, Rafael Palma, Enrique Laygo (Caretas or Masks, 1925) and Balmori who mastered the prosa romantica or romantic prose. c) Contemporary Literary Forms * Poetry is a form of literary art in which language is used for its aesthetic and evocative qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its apparent meaning. * A novel is a book of long narrative in literary prose. * Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance. [1] The term comes from a Greek word meaning â€Å"action†, which is derived from â€Å"to do†. * A short story is a work of fiction that is usually written in prose, often in narrative format. * A novella is a written, fictional, prose narrative longer than a novelette but shorter than a novel. 3. Various Geographical Regions and Historical Periods and Literary Genre a) Ilocos, Cagayan Valley, and Cordillera Administrative Regions Pre-colonial Iloko literature were composed of folk songs, riddles, proverbs, lamentations called dung-aw, and epic stories in written or oral form. Ancient Ilokano poets expressed themselves in folk and war songs as well as the dallot, an improvized, versified and at times impromptu long poem delivered in a sing-song manner. During the Spanish regime, Iloko poetry was generally patterned after Spanish models. In fact, the earliest known written Iloko poems were the romances translated from Spanish by Francisco Lopez, an Augustinian friar who, in 1621, published his own Iloko translation of the Doctrina Cristiana by Cardinal Bellarmine, the first book to be printed in Iloko. A study of Iloko poetry could be found in the Gramatica Ilokana, published in 1895, based on Lopez’s Arte de la Lengua Iloca, earlier published in 1627, but was probably written before 1606. Some Iloko writers credit Pedro Bucaneg, who collaborated with Lopez in the translation of the Doctrina into Iloko, for having been the first known Ilokano poet, and as the â€Å"Father of Ilokano Poetry and Literature. † Bucaneg, blind since childhood, authored the popular epic known as â€Å"Biag ni Lam-ang† (â€Å"Life of Lam-ang†) written in the 17th century. The earliest written form of the epic poem was given by Fr. Gerardo Blanco to Isabelo de los Reyes, who published it in El Ilocano from December 1889 to February 1890, with Spanish translation in prose, and also reprinted it in his El Folklore Filipino, under the title â€Å"Vida de Lam-ang. † Iloko literature developed in many ways. During the 18th century, the missionaries used religious as well as secular literatures among other means to advance their mission of converting the Ilokanos to Christianity. The century also saw the publication of religious works like Fr. Jacinto Rivera’s Sumario de las Indulgencias in 1719 and the Pasion, a translation of St. Vincent Ferrer’s sermons into Iloko by Fr. Antonio Mejia in 1845. The 19th century likewise saw the appearance of Leona Florentino, who has since been considered by some as the â€Å"National Poetess of the Philippines†. Her poems which have survived, however, appear to the modern reader as being too syrupy for comfort, too sentimental to the point of mawkishness, and utterly devoid of form. Fr. Justo Claudio Fojas, an Ilokano secular priest who wrote novenas, prayerbooks, catechism, metrical romances, dramas, biographies, a Spanish grammar and an Iloko-Spanish dictionary, was Leona Florentino’s contemporary. Isabelo de los Reyes, Leona’s son, himself wrote poems, stories, folklore, studies, and seemingly interminable religious as well as political articles. The achievement of both Claudio Fojas and de los Reyes is possibly more significant than the critical reader of Iloko literature today is ready to admit. The comedia, otherwise known as the moro-moro, and the zarzuela were presented for the first time in the Ilocos in the 19th century. The comedia, a highly picturesque presentation of the wars between Christians and Muslims, and the zarzuela, an equally picturesque depiction of what is at once melodrama, comic-opera, and the skit interminably preoccupied with the eternal theme of boy-meets-girl-who-always-live-happily-ever-after-seemingly-impossible-odds are still as popular today as they were when first staged in the Ilocos. The comedia was scripted from the corridos like Principe Don Juan, Ari Esteban ken Reyna Hipolita, Doce Paris, Bernardo Carpio, Jaime del Prado. Marcelino Mena Crisologo helped popularize the zarzuela based on the culture and tradition of the Ilokanos particularly those in Vigan, Ilocos Sur. So did Pascual Agcaoili y Guerrero (1880-1958) of Ilocos Norte who wrote and staged â€Å"Daguiti Agpaspasukmon Basi,† and Isaias R. Lazo (1887-1983) of San Vicente, Ilocos Sur who wrote comedia and zarzuela. The year 1892 saw the printing for the first time of the first Iloko novel, written by Fr. Rufino Redondo, an Augustinian friar, titled â€Å"Matilde de Sinapangan. † Another Iloko novel which was written before the end of the 19th century by one Don Quintin Alcid was â€Å"Ayat, Kaanonto Ngata? † (â€Å"Love, When Shall it Be? â€Å") Arturo Centeno of Vigan, Ilocos Sur, also wrote three novels titled â€Å"Apay a Di Mangasawa? † (â€Å"Why Doesn’t He Get Married? â€Å"), â€Å"Dispensara† and â€Å"Padi a Puraw Wenno Naamo a Kibin† (â€Å"A White Priest or a Good Guide†). The 20th century is comparatively more intense in literary activity. Some of the literature in this period are â€Å"Biag ti Maysa a Lakay, Wenno Nakaam-ames a Bales† (â€Å"Life of an Old Man, or a Dreadful Revenge†) by Mariano Gaerlan (1909); â€Å"Uray Narigat no Paguimbagan† (â€Å"Improvement Despite Obstacles†) by Facundo Madriaga (1911); â€Å"Mining Wenno Ayat ti Cararua† (â€Å"Mining or Spiritual Love†) by Marcelino Pena Crisologo (1914); â€Å"Nasam-it ken Narucbos nga Sabong dagiti Dardarepdep ti Agbaniaga† (â€Å"Sweet and Fresh Flower of a Traveller’s Dreams†) by Marcos E. Millon (1921); â€Å"Sabsabong ken Lulua† (â€Å"Flowers and Tears†) by R. Respicio (1930); â€Å"Apay a Pinatayda ni Naw Simon? † (â€Å"Why Did They Kill Don Simon? â€Å") first known detective novel in Iloko by Leon C. Pichay (1935); â€Å"Puso ti Ina† (â€Å"A Mother’s Heart†) by Leon C. Pichay (1936). When the Bannawag magazine, a sister publication of Liwayway, Bisaya and Hiligaynon, hit the streets on Nov. 3, 1934, Iloko literature reached a headland. Many Ilokanos started to write literary pieces. The early Bannawag short stories showed sustained growth. The short stories written in the 1920s were poor imitations of equally poor American fiction. Early short story writers had practically no literary background in their attempts. The growth of the short story was not apparent until Bannawag resumed publication in 1947. Most of the stories published dealt with themes of war; guerrilla activities, Japanese atrocities, murder, pillage and death. By the latter part of the decade, writers of different ages emerged, and from their ranks came stories that were less verbose, tighter,and with more credible characterization than those written previously. While many articles have been written by Ilokanos and non-Ilokanos about the Ilocos Region, few scholarly studies have been conducted. Among these scholars were Leopoldo Y. Yabes of the University of the Philippines, who made a brief survey of Iloko literature in 1934. His findings showed that Iloko literature began with Pedro Bucaneg. In 1940, Thomas B. Alcid of the University of Santo Tomas made a study on the Iloko prose fiction and discussed the Iloko short story and the Iloko novel and their possibilities in Philippine literature. His study showed that the short stories and novels at that time were still young and needed more improvement. In 1954, Mercedes F. Guerrero of the Manuel L. Quezon Educational Institution (now MLQU) made a masteral thesis titled â€Å"Critical Analysis of the Outstanding Iloco Short Stories Published in the Bannawag from 1948 to 1952. † Her findings showed that the Iloko stories offer a mine of information about the ideals and customs of the Filipino people. In the display of emotions and feelings, the Iloko author has been free or spontaneous in dealing with the life he portrayed. Most often he has been compassionate with his characters. He has treated a wide variety of subjects that there is no important place of Filipino life that has not been depicted. There are stories on mere trifling matters as well as their own nation-slaking subjects. These are stories about persons, about animals, about places and about events. Guerrero also found out that the Ilokano author served his society by: 1. ) Preserving the ideals, customs and traditions of the people. 2. ) Bringing out the social consciousness of the era–its mood, conflicts, struggles, and rehabilitation. 3. ) Awakening man’s sensibilities to the joys, sorrows, loves, hatreds and jealousies of the people. 4. ) Casting away sectional sentiments and prejudices and bringing about fuller understanding of the different ethnic groups. A related literature published by Dr. Marcelino A. Foronda, Jr. in 1967, titled â€Å"Dallang: An Introduction to Philippine Literature in Iloko,† discussed the traits and characteristics of the Ilokanos. Of their literature, he stated: â€Å"†¦ The Ilokano language is so highly developed as to have produced the greatest number of printed works in any Philippine language, next to Tagalog. Bannawag has played and still plays a major role in the development of Iloko literature. At present, it publishes poems (daniw), short stories (sarita), novels (nobela), essays (salaysay), comics, biographies, folktales and many others including what some call avant garde literary output. It is the only magazine where Ilokano writers hope to publish most of their writings. During the magazine’s infancy years in the 1930s, most of its contents were translations from the Liwayway magazine save a novel by Hermogenes F. Belen titled â€Å"Nadaraan a Linnaaw† (Blood-stained Dew) which was serialized in 1947. Other writers at that time included Benjamin M. Pascual, David D. Campanano, Godofredo S. Reyes, Benito de Castro, Jose P. Acance, Benjamin Gray, Marcelino A. Foronda,Jr. In the 1960s, poems, short stories and novels published by the Bannawag became better–in craftsmanship, development of plots and themes, among others. Writers by then, most of whom were college students and professionals, had a bigger library of literary books. To help in the development of the Iloko short story, Bannawag launched a writing contest in 1961. The judges were Prof. Santiago Alcantara of the National University, Prof. Angel C. Anden of the Manuel L. Quezon University, and Dr. Marcelino A. Foronda, Jr. of the De La Salle University-Manila. This contest lasted until 1970. One of the judges said the quality of Iloko short stories was competitive with those written in English. Before the martial-law era, most of the poems, stories and novels dwelt on political unrest and protests, like rallies and demonstrations by students, professionals and workers against the government. Ilokano writers have also published their works in foreign countries. One of the most popular authors of Ilocano ancestry abroad was the late Carlos Bulosan, a California immigrant born to Ilokano parents in Pangasinan. And currently, the most internationally translated Filipino author is an Ilokano from Rosales, Pangasinan–Francisco Sionil Jose, popularly known as F. Sionil Jose. He is famous for his Rosales saga, a five-novel work about an Ilokano clan, virtually documenting Philippine history from Spanish time to the years of the Marcos administration. The novels, translated in about 22 languages, are circulated and read around the world. Back home, many Iloko writers have won major prizes in the annual Palanca Awards, the most prestigious and most anticipated of all literary contests in the Philippines. These famous winners’ names include Reynaldo A. Duque, Ricarte Agnes, Aurelio S. Agcaoili, Lorenzo G. Tabin, Jaime M. Agpalo Jr. , Prescillano N. Bermudez, William V. Alvarado, Maria Fres-Felix, Clarito G. Francia, Arnold Pascual Jose, Eden Aquino Alviar, Severino Pablo, Ariel S. Tabag, Daniel L. Nesperos, Roy V. Aragon, Danilo Antalan, Joel B. Manuel and others. b) Central Visayas Region Cebuano literature, as much as most literature of the Philippines, started with fables and legends of pre-colonial Philippines down to the Mexican (New Spain) and Spanish influences. Although existence of a pre-hispanical  writing system in Luzon is attested, there is little proof that baybayin (sometimes erroneously called alibata) was widespread in the Visayas. Most of the literature produced during was oral. They were documented by the Spanish Jesuit Fr. Ignatio Francisco Alzinal. During Spanish times, the religious theme was predominant. Novenas and gozos, most notably the Bato Balani for the Sto. Nino. The literature during this time was predominantly propagandistic. At this time, the Cebuanos were still seething with resentment at the American betrayal of their hopes and the new colonizers were retaliating with restrictions on the freedom of expressions. The first written Cebuano short story is Maming, by Vicente Sotto, The Father of Cebuano Literature. The story was published in the first issue (July 16, 1900) of his Ang Suga. Two years later Sotto wrote, directed, and produced the first Cebuano play, Elena. During the American period, Ang Suga became the medium for publication of Cebuano writers. A community of writers slowly grow, to include the names of Florentino Rallos, Filomeno Veloso, Marcial Velez, Timoteo Castro, Segundo Cinco, Vicente Ranudo, Dionisio Jakosalem, Selestino Rodriguez, Filomeno Roble, Juan Villagonzalo, Leoncio Avila and Filemon Sotto. (Most of these people were recognized for their achievements by the generation right after them, as evidenced by the use of their names for major streets of the City of Cebu, but their role in the furtherance of Cebuano culture is lost to subsequent generations. ) Four typical novels on the love theme written by popular writers during the American period would represent the pre-war writers’ subconscious but collective efforts in creating a common core of meanings and values in the face of new American culture. These are Felicitas by Uldarico Alviola in 1912, Mahinuklugong Paglubong Kang Alicia (â€Å"The Sad Burial of Alicia†) by Vicente Garces in 1924, Apdo sa Kagul-anan (â€Å"Bitterness of Sorrow†) by Angel Enemecio in 1928-1929, and Ang Tinagoan (â€Å"The Secret†) by Vicente Rama in 1933-1934. While Felicitas and Paglubong assert the value of marital fidelity and Apdo that of feminine chastity, Tinagoan challenges the emergent value that tolerates divorce. Such novels were seen as fictionalized renditions of their writers’ stand or traditions and practices which were subjected to debate in the school stage and within the pages of periodicals. The pre-war period in the Philippines is sometimes referred to as the Golden Age of Vernacular Literature, with the 1930s marking a boundary between two kinds of popular writing: the predominantly propagandistic and the more commercialized escapist literature that proliferated since the Commonwealth. In the year 1930, Bisaya Magasin started publishing. In 1936 Cebuano writers started publishing anthologies; readers engaged in amateur literary criticism; and complaints of plagiarism livened up the weekly news. Periodicals that featured creative writing mushroomed, although most of these were short-lived. The generally considered first feminist Cebuano novel, Lourdes by Gardeopatra G. Quijano was serialized in the period May 26 to September 23, 1939 in Bag-ong Kusog (literary â€Å"New Force†), the most popular pre-war periodical. It has been predicted by no less than the late novelist and Philippine National Artist for Literature N. V. M. Gonzalez that Philippine literature in English will die, leaving the regional literature (Ilokano, Waray, etc. ). In the case of Cebuano literature, this has been the case. Some of the prominent writers and poets in the Visayas and Mindanao who used to write in English have shifted to Cebuano. Among them are Davao-based Macario Tiu, Don Pag-usara, and Satur Apoyon, and Cebu-based Ernesto Lariosa (a Focus Philippines Poetry Awardee in 1975) and Rene Amper (a two-time Palanca awardee for English poetry. These giants of Cebuano literature are now regularly contributing to Bisaya Magasin; their shift to Cebuano writing has influenced young Cebu and Mindanao-based writers in English to follow suit (among them are Michael Obenieta, Gerard Pareja, Adonis Durado, Januar Yap, Delora Sales, Cora Almerino and Raul Moldez). In 1991, Cebuano poet Ernesto Lariosa received a grant from the Cultural Center of the Philippines. He used the grant to introduce the 4-s in Cebuano poetry: social sense, sound and story. The language he used was slack, devoid of strong metaphors. He used the language of the home and of the streets. Writer-scholar Dr. Erlinda Alburo, director of the Cebuano Studies Center of the University of San Carlos noted in a forum sponsored by the university’s theater guild in 2003 that the young writers (those given above) have given a new voice to Cebuano fiction. They have introduced modern writing styles, experimented with the Cebuano language and explored themes which have never been elaborated before by their predecessors. There are now emerging number of publications featuring fiction and poetry in Cebuano. The ownership of the de-facto literary journal, Bisaya Magasin, was transferred from the Chinese-owned Liwayway Publishing, Inc. to Napoleon Rama’s Manila Bulletin Publishing in 2003, ushering a change in layout, acceptance policies, and an increase in contributors’ fees. Aside from the reinvigoration of Bisaya Magasin, Cebu-based publishing houses have also started tabloids in the language (Banat News of Freeman Publications and SunStar SuperBalita of SunStar Publications). This tabloids have bigger circulation than their English counterparts. There are also unconfirmed reports that Dr. Mel M. Allego, a giant in Cebuano literature, will be returning from the United States in 2007 and will start his own broadsheet in Cebuano. The U. P. National Writers Workshop every October and the Iligan National Writers Workshop every summer have reserved slots for Cebuano writers. In every edition of these workshops, there are Cebuano works that are being dissected or discussed by the panelists. In 1998, the Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature opened the Cebuano short story category. c) Eastern Visayas Region Modern East Visayan literature, particularly Waray, revolves around poetry and drama produced between the 1900s and the present. The flourishing economy of the region and the appearance of local publications starting in 1901 with the publication of An Kaadlawon, the first Waray newspaper, saw the flourishing of poetry in Waray. In Samar, Eco de Samar y Leyte, a long running magazine in the 1900s, published articles and literary works in Spanish, Waray and English. A noteworthy feature of this publication was its poetry section, An Tadtaran, which presented a series of satirical poems that attacked the changing values of the people at the time. Eco likewise published occasional and religious poems. In Leyte, An Lantawan, which has extant copies from 1931 to 1932, printed religious and occasional poetry. It also published satirical poems of Bagong Katipunero, Luro, Datoy Anilod, Marpahol, Vatchoo (Vicente I. de Veyra), Julio Carter (Iluminado Lucente), Ben Tamaka (Eduardo Makabenta), and Kalantas (Casiano Trinchera). Under these pseudonyms, poets criticized corrupt government officials, made fun of people’s vices, and attacked local women for adopting modern ways of social behavior.. With the organization of the Sanghiran San Binisaya in 1909, writers as well as the illustrados in the community banded together for the purpose of cultivating the Waray language. Under the leadership of Norberto Romualdez Sr, Sanghiran’s members had literary luminaries that included Iluminado Lucente, Casiano Trinchera, Eduardo Makabenta, Francisco Alvarado, Juan Ricacho, Francisco Infectana, Espiridion Brillo, and statesman Jaime C. de Veyra. For a time, Sanghiran was responsible for the impetus it gave to new writing in the language. The period 1900 to the late fifties witnessed the finest Waray poems of Casiano Trinchera, Iluminado Lucente, Eduardo Makabenta, and the emergence of the poetry of Agustin El O’Mora, Pablo Rebadulla, Tomas Gomez Jr. , Filomeno Quimbo Singzon, Pedro Separa, Francisco Aurillo, and Eleuterio Ramoo. Trinchera, Lucente, and Makabenta were particularly at their best when they wrote satirical poetry. The growing acceptance of English as official language in the country strengthened these writers’ loyalty to the ethnic mother tongue as their medium for their art. The publication of Leyte News and The Leader in the twenties, the first local papers in English, brought about the increasing legitimization of English as a medium of communication, the gradual displacement of Waray and eventual disappearance of its poetry from the pages of local publications. Where local newspapers no longer served as vehicles for written poetry in Waray, the role was assumed by MBC’s DYVL and local radio stations in the seventies. Up to the present time, poetry sent to these stations are written mostly by local folk – farmers, housewives, lawyers, government clerks, teachers, and students. A common quality of their poetry is that they tend to be occasional, didactic, and traditional in form. The schooled writers in the region, unlike the local folk poets, do not write in Waray nor Filipino. Most of them write in English although lately there has been a romantic return to their ethnic mother tongue as the medium for their poetry. Waray drama was once a fixture of town fiestas. Its writing and presentation were usually commissioned by the hermano mayor as part of festivities to entertain the constituents of the town. Town fiestas in a way sustained the work of the playwright. In recent years, this is no longer the case. If ever a play gets staged nowadays, it is essentially drawn from the pool of plays written earlier in the tradition of the hadi-hadi and the zarzuela. According to Filipinas, an authority on the Waray zarzuela, the earliest zarzuela production involved that of Norberto Romualdez’ An Pagtabang ni San Miguel, which was staged in Tolosa, Leyte in 1899. The zarzuela as a dramatic form enthralled audiences for its musicality and dramatic action. Among the noteworthy playwrights of this genre were Norberto Romualdez Sr. , Alfonso Cinco, Iluminado Lucente, Emilio Andrada Jr. , Francisco Alvarado, Jesus Ignacio, Margarita Nonato, Pedro Acerden, Pedro Separa, Educardo Hilbano, Moning Fuentes, Virgilio Fuentes, and Agustin El O’Mora. Of these playwrights, Iluminado Lucente stands out in terms of literary accomplishment. He wrote about thirty plays and mos

Consumer And Their Consumption Practice - 4060 Words

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One of the common difference in the cooking practices as compared to western culture is the use of different and traditional kitchen ware such as clay pots and vessels. There are different theories that help underrated the different consumption habits, In this case practice theory best explains the process. Practice theory can play a major role in understanding the consumption habits and to also understand the current cultural habits. As Randles and Warde( 2006) describe consumption as a habit, routine, ‘constraints, and so on and can be summed up as a recognition of the conventional nature of consumption’ â€Å"PracticeShow MoreRelatedHow Planned And Perceived Obsolescence Invade Our Lives1255 Words   |  6 PagesAmericans rush to get the newest iphone even though their current one may be less than 2 years old. In 2010 the US threw away 141 million cellular devices, and only 11% were recycled (Benton, Coats, and Hazell 4). 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